1.1 Epistemological Bases of Knowledge
Who was sure that to obtain real knowledge, it was necessary to establish a rational method based on doubt?
René Descartes.
Greek philosophers that thought about the totality of the universe.
Physis Philosophers or Philosophers of nature.
Who postulated a model where the Earth and the rest of the planets revolve around the Sun?
Nicholas Copernicus.
Which age was characterized by the nomads of the first human beings, that developed tools to perform some tasks using bones and stones?
Prehistory.
What is the type of knowledge based on trial and error and empirically acquired throughout our lives?
Daily Knowledge.
What is epistemology?
Philosophical and scientific discipline that considers knowledge as an object of study.
What was the “arché” according to Thales of Miletus?
Water.
Who was the pioneer of the experimental scientific method and the first to use a reflecting telescope?
Galileo Galilei.
When did the Christianity spread throughout Europe, taking control of its political, social and economic order?
Middle Age.
What is a fantastic story that has extraordinary characters, gods and heroes who decide the future of the human and natural world?
Myth.
What is an inference?
The process of reasoning where the conclusion we reach derives from the logical relation between ideas.
Who proposed the existence of an original component that was indivisible and infinitely small?
Democritus.
When did the Aristotelian conception about science was abandoned?
Renaissance.
In which age the taylorism inspired the new organization of work?
Contemporary Age.
What is the difference between the formal and factual sciences?
Formal sciences study the logical and mathematical entities and establish their relations, and the factual sciences study the objects and facts of reality.
What are the 3 fundamental elements in the process of the creation of knowledge?
The knowing subject, the object of study and the relationship between them.
Who was the first philosopher to formulate the heliocentric theory?
Aristarchus.
What is a law?
A constant and invariable relationship of facts whose veracity has been sufficiently proven.
What is “technique”?
The necessary procedures to perform an activity with a purpose.
What is the philosophical knowledge?
Knowledge based on the research of the reality of various human phenomena or behaviors, which can’t be verified or reproduced experimentally. And seeks to modify or improve the reality.
What are the 4 rules of the rational method of Descartes?
Rule of evidence, analysis rule, rule of synthesis and rule of enumeration.
Who added a celestial ether to the system of the terrestrial elements of the physis philosophers?
Aristotle.
Who made the first experiments on the transformations of matter, refuting the Aristotelian theory of the 4 elements?
Robert Boyle.
What are the 3 elements to the development of technology?
The technique, science and the economic and sociocultural structure.
What are the 4 characteristics of the scientific knowledge?
Objective, rational, systematic and methodical.