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Types of Powers
The Enlightenment
Constitutional Convention
Articles v. Constitution & Federalists v. Anti-Federalists
Principles of Democracy
100
Taxing is this type of power because all levels can do it!

Concurrent Powers

100

This English philosopher suggested that a government's power comes from the consent of the governed and that the citizens have the right to rebel

Who is John Locke?

100
This plan was favored by "large" states with representation in Congress based on population.
What is the Virginia Plan?
100

This governing document allows for Congress to levy taxes so that America could pay its debts following the Revolutionary War. It also created an executive branch and established a court system (previously, none existed).

What is the Constitution?

100
Includes the rights to life, liberty, and property (happiness).
What are natural rights?
200

These types of powers are for the states. Examples are schools and driver's licenses

What are reserved powers?

200

This philosopher advocated for a social contract to help us escape the state of nature

Who is Thomas Hobbes

200
This plan was favored by "small" states with equal representation (one state, one vote) in Congress.
What is the New Jersey Plan?
200

These individuals favored a strong national/central government that could provide for the common defense at all times.

Who are the Federalists?

200
a type of government system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf

republicanism 

300

These powers are written in the Constitution and they only belong to the federal government, like managing interstate trade

What are expressed powers

300

This French philosopher recommended that government be divided into 3 co-equal branches with a system of checks and balances to prevent the abuse of power.

Who is Baron de Montesquieu?

300
This compromise merged 2 plans, creating a bicameral legislature with representation in one chamber (the House) based on population and a second chamber (the Senate) based on equal representation (2 votes per state).
What is the Great (or Connecticut) compromise?
300

This governing document failed to grant the power to tax or to create courts; it also failed to establish an executive branch capable of enforcing the nation's laws.

What is the Articles of Confederation?

300

The belief that everyone, including government officials, are bound by the law

What is the rule of law?

400

These powers aren't listed in the Constitution but they are closely related to the expressed powers. example: building an interstate highway or regulating airlines

What are implied powers?

400

This is the idea that citizens agree to be governed in exchange for security and safety

What is a social contract?

400
This compromise determined that slaves would equal 3/5 of a person when determining population and representation in the House of Representatives.
What is the 3/5 Compromise?
400

These individuals believed local government to be more responsive to citizens' needs and insisted that a Bill of Rights was needed to protect individual freedoms.

Who are the Anti-Federalists?

400

The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people,  who are the source of all political power.

What is popular sovereignty?

500

These activities are prohibited by both the federal and state governments, like taxing exported goods

What are denied powers

500

This philosopher advocated for governments to listen to the will of the people 

Who is Rousseau

500
This compromise merged 2 plans for electing the president; a popular vote conducted in individual states would in turn determine how electors would cast their votes for president.
What is the Electoral College Compromise?
500

This clause in the Constitution says that the federal government's laws are higher than the state laws

What is the Supremacy clause

500

A political system in which a written document, like a constitution, restricts the power of the government

What is limited government?