All the Way to the Supreme Court
Building on previous precedent which created a "right to privacy," this Supreme Court case overturned 46 state laws regulating abortion
Roe v. Wade
This test deals with the establishment clause: secular legislative purpose, neither advance nor inhibit religion, no excessive government entanglement with religion.
Lemon test
This is the first civil ordinance, the foundation of government, found in Genesis 9:5-6
Capital punishment for murder
The plan for representation that combined the Virginia and New Jersey Plan and used two houses, one proportionate to state population, the other with two members from each state
The Great Compromise
This is the phrase describing Congress' power to tax, fund government, coin money, and borrow
"power of the purse"
This Supreme Court case, perhaps the worst in history, established that slaves were not citizens but were property and thus could not be taken from their owners just because they lived in a "free state"
Dred Scott v. Sandford
This test established the conditions under which obscene material may be banned: prurient interests, patently offensive, lacking value
Miller test
Aristotle's three forms of government
monarchy, aristocracy, and polity
This term refers to the ability of the executive to overturn legislative acts
veto
This action is a check by Congress on the executive and judiciary, allowing removal from office for "high crimes and misdemeanors"
impeachment
This Supreme Court case asserted the implied power of judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
These rights must be read to a suspect upon arrest, including the right to remain silent and to have legal counsel
Miranda rights
"The total complex of relations between people living in society"
politics
Under this method of government, the executive is selected by the legislature
parliamentary system
This asserted power allows the court system to overrule Congressional and executive actions that are unconstitutional
judicial review
This Supreme Court case established the concept of implied powers, allowing the creation of a national bank and denying the right of a state to tax it
McCulloch v. Maryland
This rule, established in the Dollree Mapp case, states that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial
exclusionary rule
The three sources of conflict in American politics
Economic interests, identity politics, and ideology
This compromise established the way in which slaves would be counted for representation and taxation
Three-Fifths Compromise
This clause greatly expands the power of Congress in fulfilling its enumerated powers, often referred to as the elastic clause
the necessary and proper clause
This Supreme Court case further established implied powers, expanding Congress' reach to regulate interstate commerce by striking down a state-granted monopoly to a private steamboat company
Gibbons v. Ogden
This test requires that the state use the least restrictive means when regulating religious practices
Sherbert test
Name the three key ideas necessary for understanding politics
Politics is conflictual, political process matters, politics is everywhere
The idea that having a variety of parties and interests within a government will strengthen the system by ensuring that no group possesses total control
pluralism
List 2 of the 4 ways the Constitution is a "living document"
ignoring parts that have become irrelevant, ambiguity allowing for flexible interpretation, the amendment process, the designation of multiple interpreters