Epidemiology
Involves study designs used to answer: Why? How?
What is analytic epidemiology?
The first disease case in the population.
What is primary case?
Someone who harbors a pathogenic organism for a clinically significant time and is able to pass the infection to others.
What is an active carrier?
The process of immunization, sanitation, education, media campaigns, and reading warning labels.
What is primary prevention?
The occurrence when the vector uptakes the agent, usually through a blood meal from an infected animal, replicates and/or develops it, and then regurgitates the pathogen onto or injects it into a susceptible animal.
What is biological transmission?
Involves study designs used to answer: Who? What? When? Where?
What is descriptive epidemiology?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is index case?
Someone who never exhibit signs or symptoms of the disease, yet are capable of infecting others, and are often considered to be the "classic" asymptomatic carriers.
What is a healthy carrier?
Requiring a behavioral change on part of subject.
The direct physical contact such as touching with contaminated hands, skin-to-skin contact, kissing, or sexual intercourse.
What is direct transmission?
The health-related state or event in a defined population above the expected over a given period of time.
What is epidemic?
The persons who become infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who become infected from contact with the primary case.
What is secondary case?
Someone who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others.
What is a convalescent carrier?
Does not require behavior change.
What is passive primary prevention?
The occurrence when pathogens or agents are transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease.
What is indirect transmission?
The persistent, usual, expected health-related state or event in a defined population over a given period of time.
What is endemic?
A person who has been diagnosed as having a disease, disorder, injury, or condition.
What is case?
Someone who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins.
What is a incubatory carrier?
The occurrence that reduce the progress of disease.
The infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species.
What is vector-borne transmission?
The epidemic affecting a large number of people in many countries, continents, or regions.
What is pandemic?
The individual who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition, yet not diagnosed.
What is suspect case?
Someone who harbors an infectious organism.
What is an intermittent carrier?
To reduce the limitation of disability from disease.
What is tertiary prevention?
The transfer of pathogens from an infected host or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host, where a biological association between the pathogen and the vector is not necessary.
What is mechanical transmission?