Intro to Epidemiology
A field of science that studies health problems within populations
What is Epidemiology?
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
What is an Epidemic?
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition.
What is a Case?
An inanimate object. (Clothing, door handle, or utensil)
What is a Fomite?
Requires behavior change in the individual. (exercising, dietary, stop smoking)
What is Active Primary Prevention?
Involves characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
What is Descriptive Epidemiology?
An Epidemic that affects or attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is a Pandemic?
The first disease case in the population.
What is a Primary Case?
An invertebrate animal. (tick, mite, mosquitos)
What is a Vector?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual. (eating vitamin enriched foods)
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people.
What is an Endemic?
Any virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite.
What is a Pathogen?
The habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies, and on which it depends for its survival in nature.
What is a Reservoir?
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify diseases.
The traditional model for diseases.
What is the Epidemiology Triangle?
What is a Common-Source Epidemic?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is an Index Case?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals. (rabies virus, influenza virus, Ebola virus).
What is Zoonosis?
What is Rehabilitation?
The ability of a program to produce benefits among those who participate in the program compared to those that did not.
What is Efficacy?
Arises from infections transmitted from one infected person to another.
What is Propagated Epidemic?
An individual who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease.
What is a Suspect Case?
A nonliving intermediary such as a clothing, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is a Vehicle?
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage.
What is Tertiary Prevention?