Philosophers
Thomas Hobbs
believed that a strong central government was needed to avoid rebellion and civil war. He also believed that human nature was brutal and corrupt. He wrote the leviathan and argued the state of nature
Federalists
people that wanted a stronger central government
Expressed Powers
Powers explicitly stated in the Constitution and granted to the Federal government
3/5 Compromise
tried to solve how slaves count towards state population; all non-free men would be counted as ⅗ of a person
Necessary and Proper clause
Federal govt. is justified in making laws that are deemed necessary and proper for the country
John Locke
17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property and a right to rebellion
Anti-feds
people that wanted a stronger central government AND a bill of rights
Reserved Powers
Powers not explicitly written down or stated in the Constitution. Generally in the United States reserved powers are delegated to the states
Connecticut Compromise
created a bicameral congress where 1 house based on population and the other equally represented by all states; Constitution may never have been agreed on w/o it
Full faith and credit clause
States must take the laws of another state with full faith and credit
Jean Jacques Rousseau
French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society. Work entitled The Social Contract. He further developed the idea of an agreement between the people and the civil body politic
Why were the federalist papers written
to explain why people should approve the constitution
Concurrent Powers
Powers shared by both the Federal and state governments
Issue Connecticut Compromise solved
It solved the representation dispute between large and small states. Constitution may never have been agreed on without this
Equal Protection Clause
No state can deny any citizen equal protection of the laws. This clause was a part of the Fourteenth Amendment
Describe the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes
Believed in the "social contract" In the state of nature, no government existed. Without authority to protect people from one another, life was nasty, brutish, and short. By contract, people surrendered to the sate the power to maintain order
James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton
Implied Powers
Powers authorized by a document (from the Constitution) which, while not stated, seem to be implied by powers expressly stated
Issue 3/5 Compromise solved
It solved how slaves count towards population
Ex Post Facto Clause
Congress cannot pass a law that punishes a person after the fact. A person cannot be punished for something he/she did that was not a crime committed
Describe the philosophy of John Locke
In the state of nature, all people were born free, equal and independent. The "natural law" provided rights to life, liberty, and property. IF government failed to protect these rights, the people could change the government
Who were the leading anti-feds
George Mason, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee
Inherent powers
powers of the state
The Great Compromise
a way of government consisting of a congress with two houses. In one house, each state would have equal representation. In the other house, representation would be based on each state's population. This was agreed upon both sides
Supremacy Clause
Federal law is supreme over state law