Foundations of Psychology

Important Figures

100

This man is responsible for the psychoanalytic theory, with id, ego, and superego.

Sigmund Freud

200

This man experimented with classical conditioning in 1906 with salivating dogs.

Ivan Pavlov

300

This woman was supposed to be the first female psychology Ph. D. (Harvard denied her the degree), and was the first woman president of the APA.

Mary Whiton Calkins

400

This man took twelve years to write the first psychology textbook called Principles of Psychology.

William James

500

This man brought psychology to America with the first lab in 1883; started the APA

G. Stanley Hall

Statistics

100

This is the difference between the highest and lowest scores of the distribution.

Range

200

This is a symmetrical distribution with the central tendency all near a single point.

Normal Curve

300

This is a relationship in which two variables move in the same direction.

Positive Correlation

400

This is a graphed cluster of dots representing the values of two variables.

Scatter Plot

500

This is a statistic scale from -1.0 to +1.0 measuring the relationship between two variables.

Correlation Coefficient

Experimental Design

100

This is the larger group of people from which samples and random selection are drawn.

Population

200

This is the response variable to the manipulated factor.

Dependent Variable

300

This is the distribution of participants in either the control or the experimental group by chance to eliminate differences.

Random assignment

400

This causes results by expectations of the subject alone, even if they did not receive the independent variable.

Placebo

500

This controls both subject and researcher awareness.

Double-Blind

Approaches

100

This approach is rooted in the idea that all humans share a genetic legacy.

Evolutionary Approach

200

This approach focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Social-Cultural Approach

300

This approach emphasizes neurological effects on behavior and thinking, including chemical makeup and genetics.

Biological Approach

400

This approach includes the significant figure that is Carl Jung.

Psychodynamic Approach

500

This integrated viewpoint incorporates three various levels of analysis of behavior and thoughts.

Biopsychosocial Approach

Random

100

This man is responsible for the "Little Albert" experiment.

John B. Watson

200

This is psychology's biggest question.

Nature v. Nurture

300

This is a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.

Standard Deviation

400

This is the scientific, legal way of "stalking."

Naturalistic Observation

500

This man believed in a blank slate of the mind at birth, called "tabula rasa."

John Locke