People
British naturalist known for the theory of evolution.
Who is Charles Darwin?
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.
What is mean?
This term refers to all of those in a group from which samples and random selection are drawn.
What is a population?
This approach studies how natural selection has influenced our behavior and mental processes.
What is the evolutionary approach?
The only research method in which cause and effect can be isolated. Researchers manipulate one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on behavior/mental process (dependent variables).
What is an experiment?
This man is responsible for the psychoanalytic theory. He focused on the study of the unconscious and childhood trauma.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
A distribution of scores that produces a symmetrical bell-shaped curve.
What is normal distribution/curve?
A dog is trained to salivate at the sound of a bell. In this example salivation is the _______________ and the sound of the bell is the _______________.
This approach focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
What is the social-cultural approach?
The name for the debate between the role environment and genetics plays in our development
What is nature v. nurture?
This behaviorist experimented with classical conditioning in 1906 with salivating dogs.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This is the difference between the highest and lowest scores of the distribution.
What is range?
This is the distribution of participants in either the control or the experimental group by chance to eliminate differences.
What is random assignment?
This approach emphasizes neurological effects on behavior and thinking, including chemical makeup and genetics.
What is the biological approach?
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we knew it all along.
What is hindsight bias?
Name one psychologist associated with the behaviorist approach.
Who are John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner?
This is a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
What is standard deviation?
An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff do not know if the research participants are in the experimental or control groups.
What is a double-blind procedure?
This approach studies how behavior and personality develop in relation to unconscious drives and conflict.
What is the psychodynamic approach?
The descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior of people or animals in their natural environment without trying to manipulate the situation.
What is naturalistic observation?
Name one humanistic psychologist.
Who are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers?
You scored a 24 on your ACT math test. The mean for this exam is 21, with a standard deviation of 3. On the math SAT, the mean is 500 with a standard deviation of 50. Calculate your score for the math SAT.
What is 550?
Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect or behavior caused by the administration of inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.
What is the placebo effect?
Psychologists who follow this approach would ask questions related to fulfilling our own potential and overcoming barriers that impede our personal growth.
What is confirmation bias?