Biomes
What is a biome?
A distinct geographic region with its own climate, plants, and animals
What is the Jewish holy book called?
The Torah
What is the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth called in Hinduism?
Reincarnation
What is the name of the Babylonian law code created around 1754 BCE?
Code of Hammurabi
What two rivers supported Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
Why are rivers important for civilizations?
Provide water, farming, power, and trade routes
Who is the central figure of Christianity?
Jesus Christ
What is the Hindu goal of liberation from the cycle called?
Moksha
What Chinese concept gave rulers divine approval?
Mandate of Heaven
Which river valley civilization developed along the Nile River?
Egypt
Which biome has short growing seasons, moss, and is very cold?
Tundra
What is the Islamic holy book called
The Qur’an
Who founded Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
What Egyptian rulers were considered gods on Earth?
Pharaohs
What writing system did the Sumerians create?
Cuneiform
Which biome is great for farming and can support large populations?
Grasslands
Name two Jewish holy days.
Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, etc.
What are the Four Noble Truths?
Life is suffering; suffering comes from desire; suffering can end; follow Eightfold Path
What role do religions play in how people act.
They prescribe codes of ethics that followers are commanded to obey.
What massive structures were built in Egypt by laborers and slaves?
Pyramids
Why are rainforests difficult for civilizations to thrive in?
Poor farming land, disease, pests, dangerous wildlife
What are the Five Pillars of Islam? (Name at least three)
Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Charity, Pilgrimage (Hajj)
Name three steps from the Eightfold Path
Right View, Right Action, Right Speech (etc.)
Why were written laws important for early civilizations?
Provided consistent rules and stability
How did successful civilizations influence surrounding regions?
Spread culture, laws, language, and technology
How do oceans act as both barriers and highways?
Early isolation, later trade superhighways
What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common that makes them “Abrahamic”
Belief in one God & covenant with Abraham
How do Hinduism and Buddhism differ in their path to escaping suffering?
Moksha through Dharma/Karma; Buddhism: Nirvana through Eightfold Path
How did laws usually favor elites in early societies?
Protected the wealthy and powerful more than commoners
Describe the typical social hierarchy in early civilizations
Rulers/priests → elites → laborers → lower class → slaves