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This is the state of cognitive balance, or harmony, between incoming stimuli and the organism's cognitive schemes.
What is Equilibrium?
This is the transformation process in response to external stimuli that do not fit into any available scheme and therefore, cannot be assimilated.
The Russian psychologist who believed that in the process of sharing individual perspectives, learners construct meaning or understanding together. He believed social learning preceded development.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
Also known as a nerve cell or basic unit of the nervous system.
What is a neuron?
Chemical-electrical impulses "jump" into this miniscule space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next.
What is a synapse?
The brain and the spinal cord make up this part of the body.
Any neural tissue outside of the CNS is part of this.
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
This determines cognitive strategies and activities needed for a task and monitors feedback and outcomes in order to reallocate resources if necessary. Can help an individual plan, monitor, and successfully execute their goals.
What is executive function?
The most anterior portion of the frontal lobe is the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for executive function, control, organization, and synthesis of sensory and motor information.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
This type of memory controls attention and allows limited information to be held in a temporarily accessible state while being processed.
What is working memory?
This type of long term memory involves memory of facts and events including meaning and concepts.
What is explicit memory (or declarative memory)?
This involves your knowledge of your own cognitive and memory processes, can facilitate encoding and retrieval and the use of problem-solving strategies.
What is metacognition?
This is when we become used to a stimulus, as a result of experiencing repeated stimuli. It allows attention to new stimuli without competition from older, less novel stimuli.
What is habituation?
Automatic, involuntary motor patterns made by newborns that may consist of twitches, jerks, and other random movements.
What are reflexes?
These are the 3 basic functions of the brain.
____- responsible for energy level/tone of cortex.
____- controls info analysis, coding, storage
____- responsible for formation of intention and programs for behavior
What are regulation, processing, and formulation?
This reflex can be seen when one of the newborn's cheeks or corner of the mouth is gently stroked. The baby's automatic response is to turn the head toward the touch and open their mouth. It helps the baby get to the breast for bonding/feeding.
What is the rooting relfex?
This reflex is triggered when the roof of the baby's mouth is touched. It is the baby's instinctive skill to feed himself. It is developed in the womb about the 36th week of gestation.
What is the suck reflex?
During this reflect the baby's head is turned to one side and the arm of that side is stretched out. The opposite form comes up to form an L shape. It protects the newborn's small airways from being covered by outside objects.
What is the tonic neck reflex?
This reflex is seen when an object (e.g. finger, rattle) touches the palm of the baby's hand and the innate response is to wrap the hand tightly around the object.
What is the palmer grasp?
This is also known as the startle reflex, when a newborn is startled- they immediately jerk their arms and legs outward and then bring them back toward the center of the body. It allows baby to wake easily to retrieve oxygen and food.
What is the Moro reflex?
At the top of the spinal cord is the brainstem which consists of these 3 parts.
What are the medulla, pons, and midbrain?
This type of long term memory consists of knowing how to do something. It can include unconscious memories, such as the ability to perform actions automatically, make connections, and respond to stimuli.
What is implicit memory (or procedural memory)?
This part of the brain plays a role in pragmatics, including the perception and expression of emotion in language, the ability to understand jokes, irony, and figurative language, and the ability to produce and comprehend coherent discourse.
What is the right hemisphere?
This part of the brain is specialized for language in all modalities, linear order perception, arithmetic calculations, and logical reasoning. It is also adept at perceiving rapidly changing sequential information, such as acoustic characteristics of phonemes in speech.
What is the left hemisphere?
Also known as PSTM, it is an important word-learning and comprehension device that involves matching sound to meaning. It is an important word-learning and comprehension device that involves matching sound to meaning.
What is phonological short-term memory (PSTM)