this is the combined weight of all permanent components of a building
What is the dead load
100
This is the simplest kind of pile
What is a timber pile
100
most foundation failures are attributed to this
What is excessive differential settlement
100
these are the two basic types of foundations
What are shallow and deep
100
This refers to the habitable space below grade
What is the substructure
200
this type of footing spreads the load from a column over a large area of soil and is unique in that is extends through a strata of unsatisfactory soil to reach more suitable stratum.
What is a caisson, or drilled pier.
200
the ability of course-grained soil to support weight depends on these two factors:
What is strength of the individual soil particle and the friction between them
200
this type of shallow foundation footing is a square block of concrete with or without steel reinforcing
What is a column footing
200
this type of soil takes the whole hand to lift the particle
What is a cobble
200
this type of foundation settlement occurs at differing rates between different portions of a building.
What is differential settlement
300
this type of building load occurs with long-span structural systems such as arches, rigid frames, domes, vaults, or tensile structures.
What are horizontal thrusts
300
Sometimes - rather than be placed on undisturbed soil - a footing may be placed on this material which is earth deposited under the supervision of a soils engineer.
What is engineered fill
300
These piles are constructed of crushed rock that has been densely compacted into holes created by drilling or the action of vibrating probes
What are rammed aggregate piers and stone columns
300
This form of waterproofing can be applied by spray gun, roller, or squeegee and cures in place. It is easy to form around complex shapes.
What is liquid waterproofing.
300
In climates with no ground frost this is the most economical foundation
What is a slab on grade.
400
When a firm bearing stratum is reached for a caisson, the "bell" shaped void at the bottom - if required - is created either by hand excavation or a special piece of equipment referred to as:
What is the Belling Bucket
400
this distinguishes a pile from a caisson
What is by being forcibly driven into the earth rather than drilled and poured
400
This is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundations for an existing building.
What is Underpinning.
400
these three general requirements must be met for a foundation to be satisfactory
What is: The foundation must be safe against structural failure that could result in collapse; the foundation must not settle in such a way as to damage or impair the building; the foundation must be technically and economically feasible.
400
These are designed and built into foundations to avoid distress caused by different rates of anticipated foundation settlement between different portions of a building.
What is a settlement joint
500
This physical phenomenon allows an end bearing pile to develop significant load-carrying capacity even if it does not encounter a firm bearing layer.
What is friction (or a friction pile)
500
Friction piles work best in these 3 soils
What are silty, clayey, and sandy soils
500
these piles can be brought to the site in any convenient lengths, welded together as driving progresses to form any length required and cannot be inspected after being driven
What are steel H - piles
500
These are the three individuals responsible for the decisions concerning a foundation of a large project.
Who are the architect, structural engineer, and foundation engineer.
500
this is the most common type of waterproofing for a foundation substructure wall which sits close to a property's edge and is installed prior to the pouring of concrete walls.