Four Common Disease Overview

Symptoms

100

patient is exhibiting shortness of breath, dizziness, muscle weakness, yellowing of skin, what disease are these symptoms related to?

nutritional anemia

200

headache, rose-spots, sore throat, and diarrhea are symptoms of what disease 

Typhoid fever

300

name at least 3 symptoms of uncomplicated malaria

• Intermittent Fever

• Headache

• Rigors

• Myalgia

• Weakness

• Dizziness

• Loss of appetite

• Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhoea

400

nutritional anemia is malnutrition with a deficiency of what four things?

- iron

- B12

- protein

- folate

500

name 3 symptoms of complicated maleria

• Life threatening

• Prostration

• Cerebral malaria (unarousable coma)

• Severe anaemia (haemoglobin<6g/dl)

• Kidney failure

• Pulmonary edema

• Circulatory collapse

• Repeated seizures etc. 

Treatments

100

possible treatments for ARI's

- anti-biotics

- over the counter medications

- fluid and electrolyte support

- steroids 

(multiple answers)

200

blood transfusion is a treatment for which disease?

anemia

300

Besides antibiotic medications, name two treatments for typhoid fever

1. maintaining proper hydration

2. appropriate nutrition

3. antimicrobial therapy/ optimal therapy 

400

what are the treatments associated with mild, moderate, and severe anemia?

mild- oral iron therapy 

moderate- parenteral iron therapy

severe- blood transfusion

500

name 2 treatments for maleria

• Treatment: avoid monotherapy

• 
  

  1. Uncomplicate: Artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) e.g

  2. 
     
     1. 
        

        1. Artemether: lumefantrine (CoArtem)

        2. Artesunate: Amodiaquine

  3. Complicated 

  4. 
     
     1. 
        

        1. IV Artesunate

        2. IV Quinine

  5. Supportive therapy

Transmissions and Prevention

100

this disease is caused by a bacteria prevalent in poorly sanitized areas.

Typhoid Fever

200

how does someone become infected with malaria?

 transmission of blood due to the anopheles mosquito

300

defective metabolism, diminished intake/absorption, and infections are causes of what disease

Nutritional anemia

400

name two transmission methods of ARI's 

- direct contact

- hand-shakes 

- infectious droplets

- kissing/ shared saliva (possibly through shared drinks) 

500

name 2 prevention methods for typhoid fever

- immunization

- hand-washing

- control of sanitation

- control of reservoirs, cases, & carriers 

Miscellaneous

100

the patient is showing multiple symptoms related to malaria, what test do you perform to confirm?

rapid diagnostic test or blood film

200

name two prevention options for nutritional anemia both health and specific...

Health:

• Adequate nutrition

• Health education

• Breastfeeding and appropriate weaning diet

• Iron rich foods

• Increase ascorbic acid

Nutritional supplementation

Specific:

• Food fortification

• National nutritional anemia prophylaxis program (NNAPP)

• National nutritional anemia control program (NNACP)

• The elemental iron was increased from 60 mg to 100mg per tablet in 1992

300

the baseline definition of ARI's (Acute Respiratory Tract Infection) is?

inflammation of respiratory tract infection anywhere from the nose to alveoli

400

what is the incubation period for typhoid fever

around 10-14 days

500

name the grading associated with each degree of anemia

 

11-14 gm/dl (normal)

9-11gm (mild)

7-9gm (moderate)

Less than 7gm (severe)

Who's At Risk?

100

what age and gender carry the highest cases of typhoid fever

males and people ages 5-19 years old

200

what factors effect ARI's 

name 3

• Nature of infectious agent

• Size and frequency of dose

• Age of child

• Size of child

• Ability to resist invading organisms

• Presence of great conditions

• Presence of disorders affecting respiratory tract

• Seasons

300

name 2 of the higher risk groups for malaria

1. infants/ children below 5

2. pregnant women

3. patients with HIV/AIDS / immuno-compromised 

4. mobile populations and travelers 

 

400

name 3 risk factors for anemia 

- age: elderly, teenager, widow, immigrant

- diet: low iron & Vitamin C, excessive tea/coffee/phytate, fad diets

-social: poverty, alcohol abuse, depression, candle burning, poor detention, GIT disease