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18.1 & 18.2
18.3 & 18.4
18.5 & 18.6
18.7 & 18.8
18.9 & 18.10
100
Nature's heat tax.
What is "in every energy transaction, some energy is lost to the surroundings"?
100
S=k ln W
What is Boltzmann's Equation?
100
The formal definition of Gibbs free energy (equation).
G = H - TS
100
The standard states of each state.
What is a gas at 1 atm, a liquid or a solid as a pure substance in its most stable form at 1 atm and 25 degrees C, and a substance in a solution at a concentration of 1 M?
100

When K=1 and ΔG°rxn=0.

What is equilibrium under standard conditions?

200
Which of these is spontaneous?

a. drawing heat energy from the ocean's surface to power a ship

b. a hot drink cooling to room temperature

c. the combustion of natural gas

b. a hot drink cooling to room temperature
200

Given ΔH°rxn=-115 kJ; ΔS°rxn +263 J/K; T=298 K, is this reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous? 

Spontaneous