French Words
Napoleon built these schools to educate male citizens regardless of class/birthright
What are lycees?
During the French revolution, peasants in the Third Estate spent this much of their income on bread
What is half?
Napoleon's mistake against Alexander I where he had to retreat through harsh winter weather, losing over 400,000 of the Grand Army
The Queen to Louis XVI who was unliked due to gambling and other large expenditures
The Jacobin Club created a new "rational" calendar that didn't include this day of the week
What is Sunday?
An agreement (ex: between Napoleon and the Pope)
What is concordat?
This estate represented 97% of the French population and included bourgeoisie, workers in French cities, and peasants
What is the Third Estate?
During the failed Continental System, Napoleon used the remaining French Navy to form one of these to prevent mainland Europe from trading with Great Britain
What is a blockade?
The British Admiral who was a brilliant commander of naval forces
Clergy and other officers of the Catholic Church made up this Estate in French society
What is the First Estate?
A violent revolt to illegally take over the government
What is a coup d'etat?
These members of the Second Estate earned their titles through military service
What are Nobles of the Sword?
Napoleon's mistake where he wanted to invade Portugal, so he marched his troops through Spain and lost 300,000 soldiers over 6 years
What is the Peninsular War?
The Czar of Russia during Napoleon's rule of France
Who is Czar Alexander I?
The Pope during Napoleon's crowning as Emperor of France (who didn't actually get to place the crown on Napoleon's head)
Who is Pope Pius VII?
Nobles and royal sympathizers who fled France during the reform period to save themselves
What are emigres?
These members of the Second Estate bought judgeships and administrative roles to gain their title
What are Nobles of the Robe?
This battle was Napoleon's last stand against the British and Prussian armies after he escaped Elba and retook power
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
The lawyer and powerful Jacobin speaker during the French Revolution who was executed during the Reign of Terror
Who is Georges Danton?
The Jacobin Club took this action against religious practice and then re-opened them as "rational thought centers" where people could learn about the Enlightenment
What is closed churches in Paris?
Translates to "those without knee breeches"
Members of the Third Estate paid these fees (not taxes) to nobles of the Second Estate
What are feudal dues?
The naval battle where Napoleon lost half of the French fleet to the British
What is the Battle of Trafalgar?
The Austrian prince who presided over the Congress of Vienna after (and during) the fall of Napoleon
Who is Klemens von Metternich?
This member of the First Estate gave a speech to members of the Third Estate during the meeting of the Estates-General, convincing them to declare themselves the National Assembly since they represented most of France
Who is Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes?