Enlightenment
What is the Enlightenment?
A period of time when people developed new ideas about human existence, including people’s basic rights and the government
How did voting work in the Ancient Regime?
Each estate had one vote despite the third estate having the majority of people
What did Louis request before he called the Estates-General?
Cahiers de doléance
The Guillotine
What was the final battle that Napoleon lost?
The Battle of Waterloo
Which Enlightenment thinker advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances?
Montesquieu
What percentage of the population did the third estate make up?
97%
When the third estate broke from the ancient regime, what did they call themselves?
The National Assembly
Who was the leader during the reign of terror?
Maximilien de Robespierre
What are two ways Napoleon helped the economy
Controls prices
Encourages new industries, builds roads and canals, and est. a system of public schools
He promises peasants they can keep all land taken from the church or nobility
All job openings based on talent
Which Enlightenment thinker was the main supporter of Freedom of Speech?
Voltaire
Who wrote the Declaration of Rights of Woman and of the Female citizen?
Olympes de Gouges
What were the two vows of the Tennis Court Oath?
Nothing can prevent the National Assembly from meeting and the National Assembly will continue to meet until there is a constitution
What are emigres?
French nobles who fled to foreign countries who reported on their mistreatment and encouraged foreigners to help them reverse the revolution.
What was the Napoleonic codes? What did they do?
A new code of laws that made all citizens equal before the law, gave religious toleration, and abolished of feudalism
In order to avoid living in a _________________, people enter into a _____________.
State of nature, social contract
What were the three privileges of the clergy?
Church owned 10% of the land, they collected tithes, they paid no direct taxes to the state
What was the mob looking for when storming Bastille?
Weapons and gunpowder
Who made up the radical branch of the National Assembly who used pamphlets and sympathetic newspapers to try and form a Republic?
Jacobins
What major event cause Napoleon's Empire to fall?
Napoleon's deadly retreat through Russia
Life, liberty, property, pursuit of happiness
Who made up the three different estates?
First estate was made of the clergy, second estate was the nobles, third was everyone else
What is the catchphrase of the revolution?
Liberty, fraternity, equality.
How many people were arrested during this time period?
300,000 people
What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? (at least two)
Establish a lasting peace, restore to 1792, weaken France, and have France as equal partner