Vocab
The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
Bourgeoisie
One of the three classes in French society before the revolution: First Estate (clergy, or church officials); Second Estate (nobles); and Third Estate (peasants and townspeople).
Estate
Which of the following caused social unrest in France?
The nobility still treated peasants in a manner similar to medieval serfdom
Absolute Monarch - In line of of Bourbon Monarch
King Louis XVI
In 1789, the French Revolution forced Louis XVI to leave Versailles for Paris. The Palace would never again be a royal residence
Palace of Versailles
An annual direct tax, usually on land or property, that provided a regular source of income for the French monarchy
Taille
A sudden overthrow of the government
Coup d'etat
The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute
counterrevolutionaries and traitors
Beings the Reign of Terror. Mass executions of the enemies of the Revolution
The _________, stormed by an armed mob of Parisians on July 14, 1789, in the opening days of the French Revolution, was a symbol of the despotism of the ruling Bourbon monarchy
Bastille
The unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols
Nationalism
Government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799
Consulate
Which countries formed a coalition against France after the execution of Louis XVI?
Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic
French military ruler and emperor. Took power in a 1799 coup d’état - unlawful seizure of power
Napoleon Bonaparte
Angry mobs and revolutionaries looted the medieval Gothic church—and even declared that it wasn’t a church at all—during a bloody push to remove France’s close ties to the Catholic church
Notre Dame
The idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments
Principle of Intervention
A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
Conservatism
Many aristocrats and members of the bourgeoisie were attracted to ___________, some of which criticized France's absolutist system
Enlightenment philosophies
Leader of the Committee of Public Safety. Overthrow the monarchy. Voted for death of King Louis XVI in court
Georges Danton
Transformed into a prison for the Parliament of Paris towards the end of the 14th century. Its most famous prisoner was Marie-Antoinette.
Conciergerie
Members of the Paris Commune who considered themselves ordinary patriots wearing long trousers instead of the fine knee-length breeches of the nobles
Sans-Culottes
A political philosophy originally based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties—the basic rights of all people—should be protected
Liberalism
One economic cause of the French Revolution was an increase in prices, which
left people unable to purchase essential goods, such as good
Advocated power for the Third Estate. Proposed the name for the National Assembly. Helped draft the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens
Abbé Sieyès
King Louis XIV built by order of a hospital and home for soldiers. Later on, where Napoleon held his campaigns
Les Invalides