Events
What event happened in July of 1789?
The angry mob thought this fortress held weapons, ammunitions and political prisoners --
Storming of the Bastille
How were Louis XV and Louis XVI related?
AND which dynastic ruling family were they apart of?
Louis XVI was the grandson of Louis XV
They were part of the Bourbon dynasty
The Ancien Regime refers to the socio - political system that France used to govern the population.
Who was included in the First, the Second and the Third Estate?
What were the privileges of the First and Second Estate?
1st Clergy (1%)
2nd Nobles (2%)
3rd Commoners (97%)
The 1st and 2nd Estates lived a life of luxury and were exempt from taxes while the 3rd Estate had to pay taxes and could be called upon for forced manual labor if needed
Starting with Louis XIV, the monarch divided France into 30 various districts to be ruled by _________________________ also known as "petty tyrants" due to their corrupt abuses of local power.
Intendants
As Marie grew more comfortable in her position as Queen she began to spend $$ -- what nickname did the French people give her?
Madame Deficit
This event would take several years to happen ---
Marie and Louis faced a lot of pushback due to the length of time it took to fulfill their duties.
What was the name of Marie's first born? How many children did the couple have?
What would happen to this little girl after the Reign of Terror?
The birth of Marie Therese
4 children
She was the only child to survive the Reign of Terror and was allowed to reside in Austria
What country does Marie Antoinette come from?
Why do the French people despise this country?
What dynastic ruling family was Marie part of?
How old was she when she married the Dauphin?
Austria
Both countries had been embroiled in wars over religion and territorial expansion
Habsburg
14
Louis XV was popular at court due to his generous nature but rather weak in terms of governing. He instituted two new taxes: the Taille and the Tithe --
What was the purpose of the 'taille' and the 'tithe'? Who was responsible for paying them?
The 3rd Estate was burdened with paying the taxes
Taille was a land tax
Tithe was a 10% contribution to the Church or paid in agricultural products
At the start of the Revolution, many members of the First and Second Estates fled France and went to other parts of Europe looking for safety --
What were they called? And why would they be seen as threat by other monarchs?
Emigres -- they could be spreading rumors about the Revolution and France and monarchs wouldn't want their people to revolt for their own freedoms
After the birth of their heir, Louis XVI wanted to give Marie a gift --
He repurposed the former King's gift to his mistress in the form of extravagant gardens, play farms and chicken coups and animals to adore -- what was this part of Versailles called?
Petit Trianon
What was the 'Great Fear'?
What caused it? What is the conspiracy theory that historians say could have caused it?
A time of great food instability in France
The peasants were starving and desperate for food to survive -- they migrated to Paris for work and couldn't find it so they resorted to eating 'fungus' that caused them to hallucinate and use violence to get food by any means necessary --
Historians say it could have been partially caused by a volcanic eruption in Iceland that disrupted the climate of France and negatively impacted the agricultural majority
Who was the Chief of Finance under Louis XVI who was sympathetic to the burdens of the Third Estate?
What are two reasons the French hated this advisor and Marie called for his resignation?
Jacques Necker
He was a Swiss commoner who was very intelligent
The people were mad because he was from Switzerland and most likely Protestant
Plus Marie didn't like his ideas to tax the Second Estate
After the Great Fear -- Louis XVI reluctantly called for a meeting of the Three Estates known as the _______________ ___________________
What were the lists of grievances called that members of the Estates used to voice their concerns?
Why could reforms never get passed by this governing body?
Estates General
Cahiers
Each Estate had 1 vote
The First and Second Estate worked as a voting bloc to stop the Third Estate from passing any changes that would take privileges away from them
After a meeting of the Estates General --
A deadlock ensued, the First and Second Estate were working as a bloc to stop the Third Estate from passing any changes. What did the Third Estate call for voting to be based on?
Where did members of the Estates General relocate to take a pledge of loyalty and what was it called?
They called for voting by population
They relocated to a indoor court and took the Tennis Court Oath
After the Tennis Court Oath, members of the Third Estate renamed themselves the ________________________________
However, there will be FOUR phases to the Revolution, what is the order of the periods?
National Assembly
National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, Convention, Directory
What happened on October 5, 1789?
Who made up the majority of the angry participants?
Why were they on a mission of vengeance?
Where did they take the royal family after this?
Women's March on Versailles
Mostly angry women (fishermen's wives)
Looking for the queen to answer for their misery
The Tuileries Palace in Paris
What are the names of the THREE most notable members of the Jacobin party ---
What is the fate of each of these men? Explain
George Danton (military recruitment) would be executed for treason
Jean Paul Marat (propagandist) would be assassinated
Maximillian Robespierre (mastermind) would be executed after the Great Terror
After the __________________________ of 1791, the King became merely a head of the state (a symbol) and all laws would be created by the Legislative Assembly.
What was the escape plan of the royal family known as?
Civil Constitution
Flight to Varennes
Members of the opposing political party were the Girondists -- how were they different from the Jacobins?
What was the name of the Girondist assassin who killed Jean Paul Marat? Why was it so easy for her to do this?
They were more moderate (more middle class, somewhat wealthy)
Charlotte Corday -- he was isolated in a bath for up to 20 hours a day
The Parisian Commune had to contain the chaos of the city while fighting to hold back the forces of ___________________ and __________________ from invading on behalf of the monarchs.
Austria and Prussia
The Convention would abolish the monarchy and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette would be put on trial in the coming months.
When was Louis XVI beheaded?
When was Marie beheaded?
Why was there a gap in time between their executions? What happened to the children after the death of the monarchs?
Louis January 1793
Marie October 1793
This person would emerge at the very end of the Revolution and quickly rise to power through his military achievement's -- making him the next King of France after a coup de'tat
Napoleon Bonaparte
During the Reign of Terror, members of the Jacobin party created the __________________________________________ which was led by Marat, Robespierre and Danton
Which one of the leaders would be executed by the others for calling for a stop to the excessive daily executions?
The Committee of Public Safety
Danton
What was the new technology called which was used to 'humanely' execute people found guilty of treason?
What was the nickname of this technology?
What was another symbol of the French Revolution?
What was the slogan of the Revolution?
Guillotine
National Razor
Tricolor flag
Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
After the Women's March on Versailles members of the National Assembly created the _______________________________________
modeled largely from an American founding document.
Declaration of the Rights of Man