The Revolution Begins
What event was a direct response to the food shortages and high bread prices, leading to the royal family being brought back to Paris
The Women's march on Versailles
What was the reason that King Louis fled Paris?
King Louis XVI fled Paris primarily due to threats to his safety and the growing unrest among the populace, who were increasingly hostile towards the monarchy. The political climate in France had become volatile, with revolutionary sentiments rising,
100 points - What were Napoleons objectives as the emperor of France?
a. He wanted to restore France’s glory.
b. To restore the monarchy.
c. To keep the revolution’s values.
d. To build an empire.
d. To build an empire.
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?
To create a plan to return order and stability to Europe after the Napoleonic wars
What was the most powerful group in the third estate? What are 2 characteristics of the group?
The most powerful group was the bourgeoisie. Characteristics include: City-dwelling merchants, Factory owners, professionals (doctors and lawyers)
2) Who were counter-revolutionists and why were they feared?
Counter-revolutionists were those who opposed the revolution and wanted to restore the old order. (Mostly the nobility), They were mostly feared because their opposition posed a significant threat to the revolutionary government and the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity that the revolution sought to establish
200 points - How did Napoleon rise to power?
His followers stole the government’s power and gave it to him.
After the clear defeat for Napoleon near the city of Leipzig, what was 1 thing that happened to Napoleon?
Napoleon had to give up his throne in Europe; Was exiled to a small mediterranean island called Elba (Any 1 listed)
What qualities of the social hierarchy in pre-revolution France contributed to the commencement to the French Revolution?
Vast inequalities between the Estates. The First and Second Estates enjoyed frivolous lifestyles and immense wealth, while the Third Estate worked labour intensive jobs for inadequate pay.
3)What’s the difference between the Mountain and the Girondins (political views)?
The Montagnards were extreme radicalists, whereas the Girondins were seen as conservatives. The mountain was the favoured group, with the majority of people supporting their party towards a democratic government. (Girondins were also under suspicion of being counter revolutionists)
How did the revolution come to an end?
Napoleon established the coup d'état in 1799.
State 1 reason why the Battle of Waterloo such a devastating defeat for Napoleon.
Because the defeat ended his career as a military leader; ended the Napoleonic wars (1 listed)
What was the slogan of the French Revolution that encapsulated its core ideals?
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
4) Why were nobles executed during the Reign of Terror?
nobles were mostly executed during the reign of terror primarily due to their association with the ancient regime and the perception that they represented the oppressive, political and social structures that the revolution sought to dismantle
Why were the French people so willing to accept Napoleon as their ruler?
a. The country needed order restored after the revolution.
b. The Directory had been diminished.
c. France was on the brink of collapse.
d. Foreign powers were on France’s border and were planning to attack France.
a. The country needed order restored after the revolution.
b. The Directory had been diminished.
c. France was on the brink of collapse.
d. Foreign powers were on France’s border and were planning to attack France.
What was the Battle of Waterloo?
A final military campaign against Napoleon after his escape from Elba by the Allies, who were scared he would return to power.
What piece of legislation did the National Assembly adopt in the August of 1789 and what did it outline?
They adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The document outlined that all men are born equal and remain equal before the law. It guaranteed freedom of speech, the press and religion. However, these rights did not apply to the women of the time.
5) Why was Marie Antoinette despised by the people of France?(Give three reasons)
said to be spending money while France was in dept, was rumoured to have had an affair and she was Austrian)
How did the public perceive Napoleon and his rule?
Positively, due to his bringing of wealth and prestige to France via his military and political skills.
What were 2 of the reasons why Napoleon’s campaign in Russia didn’t go as planned and why they had to turn around
Many soldiers were new recruits that felt no loyalty to Napoleon; Many army supplies were lost or spoiled on the way; Summer heat made soldiers miserable; High number of casualties while fighting the Russians. (Any 3 listed)
Why was the meeting of the Estates-General called and what happened as a result?
Nobility pressured Louis XVI to call the meeting to approve new taxes on the Third Estate, people wanted it to pass extensive reforms, and the Third Estate wanted to alter the voting process to allow them the ability to make such reforms. To achieve this, they refused to honour the old way of one vote per estate, proclaiming themselves the National Assembly. They were promptly banned from the meeting, resulting in the swearing of the Tennis Court Oath.
6) What were the main points of contention between Robespierre and Danton, and how did their rivalry impact the direction of the Revolution?
Robespierre was an advocate for the reign of terror as it was a means to protect the revolution to ensure its success, he believed that the revolutionary government needs to be uncompromising and the reign of terror was necessary to eliminate threats however Danton while initially supportive of the revolutionary matters , had advocated for a more moderate approach. He argued for a reduction in the use of the reign of terror and focused more on stabilizing the government and its people.
What was the continental system and how was it important?
The Continental System, was a trade system imposed by Napoleon against the British Empire during the Napoleonic Wars (1806-1814), aiming to cripple the British economy by preventing trade between Britain and countries under French influence.
Q6: One of the tasks undertaken at the Congress of Vienna was the redrawing of the map of Europe, what were 2 rules that were used to decide how nations should receive territory?
Countries that aided France lost territory; Countries that fought France gained territory; If one country seemed to be getting too much then they had to give up something in return (Any 2 listed)
What caused the people of Paris to storm the Bastille?
: Louis had started sending troops to Paris and Versailles, causing the National Assembly to fear that the king would use violence to end their meetings. Parisians went to bastille in search for weapons and attempted negotiations, but negotiations had broken down and the guards and the mob of Parisians exchanged fire.
The relationship between Jean-Paul Marat and the Jacobin movement. In what ways did his ideas and actions contribute to the radicalization of the Republic, and how did this impact the political infrastructure of the time?
Marat used his newspaper to spread fear and call for violence against people he saw as enemies of the Revolution. He supported the Jacobins and helped them become more extreme by turning people against moderates like the Girondins.His ideas helped remove moderate leaders and gave more power to radical groups, leading to the Reign of Terror.
How did Napoleon change the revolutionary ideals?
Napoleon initially embodied some revolutionary ideals, like equality before the law, in the end he ultimately centralized power, established an authoritarian rule, and curtailed many freedoms won during the French Revolution, effectively transforming the revolutionary spirit into a more controlled and imperialistic force.
In what order did these famous Napoleonic battles/wars occur: Battle of Nations (Allies vs France near Leipzig), Battle of Moscow (Russia vs France during the Russian campaign) and Battle of Waterloo (France vs Britain with help from allies)
Battle of Moscow, Battle of Nations, Battle of Waterloo
What were the main causes of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, and how did it influence the revolutionary movement?
Widespread rumours of aristocratic conspiracies and food shortages led to peasant uprisings and the abolition of feudal privileges
In what ways did Jean Paul Marat's vision for the Republic differ from that of other revolutionary leaders, such as Robespierre and Danton? How did these differences contribute to the internal conflicts within the revolutionary movement?
Marat wanted quick and violent action against enemies, while Robespierre and Danton were more focused on laws and order. He believed strongly in mob justice, but others like Robespierre wanted a more controlled system. These differences caused arguments and distrust within the revolution, weakening the unity of the leaders.)
Was Napolean truly a military genius, or was he simply lucky?
Napoleon was notorious for his strategic and tactical skills in the military, however in his campaigns, luck did play a part, especially during campaigns of impossible odds, like the Battle of Borodino, while it was a victory to France, it cost Napoleon thousands of his men.
What were 3 ways in which the Congress of Vienna restricted France after the Napoleonic wars?
France lost all conquered territory and their borders were returned to what they were in 1792; surrounded France with stronger nations; forced France to pay large war indemnities (compensation payments made by a defeated nation to a victorious one after a conflict); Reinstated the Bourbon dynasty with Louis XVIII as the first king (brother of Louis XVI)