SS.9-12.WH.13.Analyze
What were the main causes of the French Revolution?
The main causes of the French Revolution included deep social inequality under the Ancien Régime.
what is the Haitian revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a successful slave revolt from 1791 to 1804 that resulted in Haiti's independence from France, making it the first free nation governed by people of African descent
How did the rigid social hierarchy of colonial Latin America contribute to the independence movements?
Spain's sistema de castas caste system placed a Spanish-born elite, the peninsulares, at the top of society. Below them were the criollos people of Spanish descent born in the Americas.
What were the main motivations for European exploration?
Europeans were driven by "Gold, God, and Glory," which meant seeking economic gain through new trade routes and resources like spices, spreading Christianity, and establishing powerful empires.
What was the Estates-General and how did its convening contribute to the revolution?
the traditional voting structure, which gave each estate one vote, allowed the privileged First and Second Estates to outvote the much larger Third Estate.
What was Saint-Domingue like before the revolution?
Before the revolution, Saint-Domingue was a highly profitable French colony that relied on brutal slave labor for its massive sugar and coffee production.
What were the primary causes of the Latin American Revolutions?
Consider the influence of the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, and the Napoleonic invasion of Spain.
2. What technological innovations enabled European exploration?
Key inventions included more advanced sailing ships like the caravel, the redesigned compass, improved rudders, and the astrolabe, which helped sailors determine their latitude at sea.
What was the Storming of the Bastille and why was it significant?
It symbolized the people's defiance against the monarchy's oppressive power and is considered a major turning point that kicked off the French Revolution.
Who were the key leaders and what were their goals?
The revolution had a series of leaders, but Toussaint Louverture was a central figure who rose from slavery to lead the revolutionary forces against colonial powers.
How did key revolutionary leaders like Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Miguel Homicidal each uniquely shape the independence movements in their regions?
military campaigns did each leader command, and what were their strategies.
Who were some key European explorers, and what were their accomplishments?
What role did economic conditions play in igniting the French Revolution?
Creating widespread resentment among the common people toward the monarchy and the privileged classes.
How did the French Revolution influence events in Haiti?
The ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity spreading from the French Revolution inspired enslaved people in Haiti to seek their own freedom.
Why did Simón Bolívar's vision of a unified Gran Colombia fail, and what does its dissolution reveal about the challenges of nation-building in post-independence Latin America?
outcome foreshadow the political instability and rise of caudillos (strongmen) in the decades that followed.
What were the effects of European exploration on indigenous populations?
Exploration led to conflict, the spread of devastating European diseases, and the enslavement of native peoples, though some instances of cooperation and trade also occurred.
What were the primary social, economic, and political factors that contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?
The French Revolution was caused by a combination of social inequality, a severe financial crisis, and a failing political system under an indecisive king.
What challenges did Haiti face after gaining independence?
After declaring independence in 1804, Haiti faced isolation and threats from former colonial powers.
In what ways did the Haitian Revolution influence other independence movements throughout Latin America?
the Haitian Revolution's ideals of freedom and equality for all people both encourage and challenge the goals of other revolutionaries.
How did European exploration change the global balance of power and trade?