You Say You Want A Revolution
Despised French prison that was attacked in July of 1789 by revolutionaries seeking gunpowder
Bastille
specific social class of pre-revolution France that included the commoners
3rd Estate
French general who seized power in France in a 1799 coup d’etat; crowned himself emperor and increased created a French empire across Europe
Napoleon Bonaparte
Enlightenment thinker; ideas include separation of powers – there should be three branches of government to prevent tyranny
Montesquieu
this country’s harsh winter climate helped defeat invading French armies in the early 1800’s
Russia
motto of the French Revolution that inspired revolutionaries in Latin America
liberty, equality, fraternity
class structure of France prior to the revolution; consisted of three classes of differing sizes
Estates System
Toussaint L’Ouverture, a former slave inspired by ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, lead a revolution against France in what country?
Haiti
leader of the Committee of Public Safety who more-or-less ruled as a dictator during the violent stage of the French Revolution… until his own execution
Maximilien Robespierre
concept originally used during the Scientific Revolution; Enlightenment thinkers expanded its meaning to include the notion that people are born with rights, rather than granted to them by a king
natural law
Important French document ‘declaring’ people had equal rights and government’s duty was to serve all citizens; inspired by Enlightenment ideas
Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen
concept that a monarch’s power to rule comes from God; claimed by French kings
divine right
term for absolute monarchs, such as Catherine the Great of Russia, who incorporated Enlightenment ideas into their rule
Enlightened Despots
Enlightenment thinker; ideas include ‘consent of the governed’ and that government should protect people’s natural rights of life, liberty and property
John Locke
Name of palace built by French Bourbon dynasty kings to control the nobles required to live there
Versailles
Violent period of the French Revolution where thousands were accused of being ‘enemies of the French Republic’ by the Committee of Public Safety and executed by the guillotine
Reign of Terror
late-1600’s and 1700’s movement in Europe; thinkers applied reason to answer political questions; inspired by the questioning of traditional thinking of the earlier Scientific Revolution
enlightenment
Influential French set of laws developed in 1800s that included Enlightenment ideas such as the right to property and protected civil rights
Napoleonic Code
revolutionary general from South America; ‘The Liberator,’ lead successful revolutionary wars against Spain in early 1800’s; tried to create a unified ‘Gran Colombia’
Simon Bolivar
a set of ideas or belief system
ideology
French organized group that made up primarily of commoners that formed in 1789; took the ‘Tennis Court Oath’ pledging not to disband until France had a new constitution
National Assembly
assembly of representatives from each of the three estates of France; each estate had one vote despite their lopsided population sizes
Estates General
The conservative leaders at the 1815 Congress of Vienna (in Austria) attempted to restore what across Europe?
Absolute monarchies to power
pen name (not real name) of author who criticized French revolutionary documents as having ‘forgotten’ women; wrote her own “complementary” versions
Olympe de Gouges
economic system used by Spain (and other European powers) in 1700’s that imposed strict trade controls on its Latin American colonies; created discontent among colonist merchants
Mercantilism