Fresh and Saltwater Systems

Topics 1-2

100

We would have no water on the Earth in 3000 years if it were not for the water cycle. The Earth's water cycle is very important because it controls ... A. the quality of the water B. the temperature range of the water C. the distribution of the water D. the amount of water

C. the distribution of the water

200

Potable or fresh water represents a very small amount of water on the Earth. The amount of fresh water represent only about .... A. .003% B. .311% C. 1.31% D. 3%

D. 3%

300

During the Ice Ages, glaciers covered a large portion of the Earth's surface. In fact, at the height of the Ice Age glaciers covered as much as ... A. 14% of the Earth's surface B. 21% of the Earth's surface C. 28% of the Earth's surface D. 35% of the Earth's surface

C. 28% of the Earth's surface

400

Freshwater that is potable and accessible is not fairly distributed throughout the Earth. The country that has the greatest amount of fresh water is ... A. Brazil ( p.373 ) B. Canada C. China D. United States

A. Brazil

500

Glaciers are moving masses of snow and ice. A glacier that forms over an extensive area of relatively level land and flows outwards from its source is called an ... A. icefield B. iceberg C. ice flow D. ice cap

D. ice cap

Topic 3

100

Water quality is tested all the time. To determine the depth to which sunlight will penetrate the water, or clarity, investigator check for ... A. aquatic organisms B. bacteria count C. suspended matter D. aquatic vegetation

C. suspended matter

200

Canada has 5 major drainage basins. The land feature that determines in which direction the waters will flow is called the .... A. drainage plain B. continental divide C. elevation gradient D. glacial stream

B. continental divide

300

A raindrop landing in the extreme southeastern corner of Alberta will end up in ... A. Hudson's Bay B. Arctic Ocean C. Atlantic Ocean D. Gulf of Mexico

D. Gulf of Mexico

400

To determine what happens when land use affects a particular watershed, watershed management technicians use this tool ... A. GPS B. GIC C. GRS D. GIS

D. GIS

500

The system of water that flows through porous rock is called ... A. an aquifer B. a riverbed C. a water table D. groundwater

A. an aquifer

Topic 4

100

Traces of almost every chemical substance on Earth can be found in ocean water, with ocean water containing many different kinds of salts. Of the entire amount of ocean water on the surface of the Earth, sodium, chloride, magnesium, suphate, calcium, potassium and others represent approximately ... A. 3.5% B. 6.67% C. 0.67% D. 0.35%

A. 3.5%

200

When tectonic plates push against each other, mountain ranges are formed. The long underwater mountain chains that run along the centre of the oceans are the youngest areas of the sea floor and are called .... A. mid-ocean trenches B. abyssal plains C. ocean ridges D. continental slopes

C. ocean ridges

300

Waves move across the surface of the ocean and eventually hit the shore. When the crest eventually outruns the trough, it topples forward onto the shore and is called a ... A. swell B. breaker C. tsunami D. longshore current

B. breaker

400

In a few places in the world - like Nova Scotia - there are "singing sands". The fiddle-like sound is made when the ... A. waves hit the rocks B. beaches are heated by the sun C. particles of sand rub together D. temperature of the air and water are the same

C. particles of sand rub together

500

The highest tide is called a spring tide and the lowest tide is called a neap tide. The difference in level between the high tide and the low tide is called the ... A. tidal range B. tidal shift C. tidal divergence D. tidal skew

A. tidal range

Topic 5

100

There are many different organisms living in the oceans. The greatest diversity can be found ... A. along the shoreline B. in the top 180 meters C. in the bottom of the ocean D. along the mid-ocean ridge

B. in the top 180 meters

200

In water that is constantly moving, aquatic organisms have adapted to this changing envioronment in many different ways. Sea Stars have special adaptations that help them cling to solid surfaces called .... A. tentacles B. tube feet C. triceps trio D. appendages

B. tube feet

300

Whales are able to devour large amounts of plankton as they can filter them through this adaptation ... A. gills B. blubber C. baleen D. barnacles

C. baleen

400

There are many different kinds of single-celled organisms living in the oceans. More than half of the plankton is made up of single-celled ... A. diatoms B. amoebas C. foraminifera D. paramecium

A. diatoms

500

Too many nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem can cause populations of algae to increase rapidly. Although this is good for the algae, it is not so good for other organisms because the algae ... A. take up too much space B. take away all the nutrients C. reduce the oxygen supply D. make the water smell bad

C. reduce the oxygen supply

Topic 6

100

Hard water contains an excessive amount of dissolved solids. Soft water contains fewer dissolved salts especially these ... A. magneisum and sodium B. calcium and phosphorus C. sodium and phosphorus D. calcium and magnesium

D. calcium and magnesium

200

Contaminants are toxic substances that do not occur naturally in the environment, making water unsafe for living organisms. PCB's are toxic substances that are chemicals used for making .... A. electrical circuits B. electrical transformers C. thermocouples D. hydro-electric turbines

B. electrical transformers

300

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. A scale is used that ranges from 0-14. Normal rain is around 5.6 on the pH scale. Acid rain would be around ... A. 0.5 B. 2.0 C. 7.0 D. 8.3

B. 2.0

400

There are many different kinds of organisms that live in the lakes, ponds, rivers and streams throughout Alberta. Caddisfly larvae live in streams and rivers. They build small cases to protect themselves in the water from predators. These cases are made by using ... A. secretions from their abdomen B. dead organisms in the water C. plant material and sand D. leaves and twigs that have fallen in the water

C. plant material and sand

500

Water management is very important in order to achieve sustainability of this natural resource. Of the water that is available for Canadians to drink, water treatment plants have processed this much of it already ... A. 25% B. 48% C. 57% D. 81%

C. 57%