Macromolecules
Does an enzyme speed up or slow down a chemical reaction?
Speed up
What event formed the universe?
The Big Bang
Who came up with the Theory of Evolution?
Charles Darwin
Between plant cells and animal cells, which ones have cell walls?
plant cells
True or False. Active transport requires energy while passive transport does not.
True
What chemical elements are in lipids
C, H, O
How old is Earth?
4.5 billion years old
A mechanism of evolution often summarized as, "survival of the fittest"
Natural Selection
The two organelles that animals have, that plant cells do not.
Centrioles and lysosomes.
The structure of cell membranes, formed by two layers of phospholipid molecules with their water-loving (hydrophilic) heads facing outward and water-fearing (hydrophobic) tails facing inward
phospholipid bilayer
What do nucleic acids form?
DNA
This scientist hypothesized the endosymbiotic theory. The scientist proposed that complex eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic relationships where larger cells engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) that became mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Lynn Margulis
Name 3 out of the 5 evidences of Evolution
Adaptations, fossils, comparative anatomy, Embryology, Biochemistry
The cell's protein factory for substances meant for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to other organelles, thanks to the ribosomes studding its surface.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)
What are the 3 types of tonicity
isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic.
Mostly nitrogen, CO2, H20 vapor. Had volcanoes, storms, turbulent oceans.
This occurs when a catastrophe drastically reduces a population's size, leaving only a random, smaller gene pool, which significantly decreases genetic diversity and can lead to higher inbreeding and reduced adaptability for future challenges.
Population bottleneck (a form of genetic drift)
Name the similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Both have DNA, a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
Selective Permeability
What is the specific region where a substrate (reactant molecule) binds and undergoes a chemical reaction called?
Active site
Describe Francesco Redi's conclusion from his experiment with spontaneous generation.
The maggots came from the flies' eggs, not from the meat --> life comes from pre-existing life
The 6 causes of evolution
mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, artificial selection, natural selection, and isolation
The type of tonicity that plant cells prefer.
Hypotonic
The tonicity of a cell where there is higher concentration of solute on the inside and higher concentration of water on the outside.
Hypotonic tonicity