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Janissaries--- elite military troops who were born into Christian families, and forcibly raised as devout Muslims under state supervision--served in this powerful, wealthy empire.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Known as the "Sun King," this French monarch established absolute rule, centralizing authority without sharing power. (Be sure to get the number correct)
Who was King Louis XIV?
A system of governance in which a central monarch holds near-complete control over the government, army, and laws without sharing political authority.
What is Absolutism (or Absolute Monarchy)?
The powerful nation in central Western Europe: a key part of this lesson, sometimes said to resemble a leftward leaning teapot.
What is France?
The King of France declared that this "entity" gave him the right to rule over everyone in his country?
What is God? (What is "the divine right of kings"?)
Powerful landowners in Japan who were subjected to strict central control and required to spend part of their time living in Edo, as their families were essentially held hostage by the shogun.
Who are the daimyo? (Who are the nobility?)
The lavish palace built by the King of France where French nobles were required to reside so the king could monitor and control them.
What is the Palace of Versailles?
Revered as a divine descendant of the gods who held sacred status in Kyoto, this individual was actually a symbolic figurehead without real political power.
Who is the Emperor of Japan?
The academic field defined as the study of the physical features of the Earth. (This word is part of the full, formal name of this course).
What is "geography"?
This religious faith formed the primary backbone of the Ottoman Empire, integrating spiritual and political governance.
What is Islam?
Also known as "traders," people in this occupation often acquired great wealth, but were of low status in both France, and Japan.
Who are merchants?
The social class in absolutist France that held inherited land, political influence, and special privileges, including paying almost zero taxes.
Who are the Nobility (Second Estate)?
The supreme military commander who held actual political control over Japan, governing the country from Edo.
Who is the Shogun?
The capital of the Ottoman Empire, located at the convergence of two continents.
What is Istanbul? (What is Constantinople [informal name used by some Christians until 1930]? )
People in this religion were persecuted by the Japanese shogun.
What is Christianity? (What is Catholicism?)
This social class, sometimes also called farmers, made up the majority of the population in Tokugawa Japan, producing food through agricultural labor.
Who are the peasants?
The "Estate" in France that bore the heavy burden of state taxation, creating widespread discontent and unhappiness.
What is the Third Estate?
The title "caliph" made the head of the Ottoman Empire the supreme religious leader of the Muslim world. This other title meant he also was the strong, centralized ruler of the Ottomans.
What is "sultan"?
The modern nation-state that contains what's left of the historic Ottoman Empire.
What is Turkey (Türkiye)?
This was paid by non-Muslim communities in the Ottoman Empire in exchange for religious tolerance and state protection.
What is a tax? (What is the Jizya?)
Members of this elite Japanese warrior class served under regional nobility known as daimyo. Three hundred years later, many movies have been made about these warriors, all around the world.
Who are the samurai?
The King of France forced many Protestants, known as Huguenots, to flee France. The King of France wanted to "unify" France, and for everyone to be of this religion.
What is Roman Catholicism?
Central rulers around 1700 strengthened their governments by suppressing local hereditary nobles, commanding standing armies, and capturing wealth from this expanding economic activity. (Students learned in 9th grade Global that the Portuguese were among the first to be engaged in this activity).
What is global trade?
At its territorial peak, the Ottoman Empire expanded its control across lands on these three continents.
What are Europe, Asia, and Africa?
Francis Xavier converted thousands of Japanese to Christianity: he came to Japan from this European nation.
What is Spain?