Proteins
True or false: Proteins contain nitrogen
True - they contain C, H, O, and N
Proteins are build of smaller subunits known as
amino acids
Amino acids consist of two portions: the common portion and the changeable _______.
r-group
True or false: carbohydrates contain nitrogen
False - they are made up of C, H, and O
The glycerol portion of a lipid contains how many carbon atoms?
3
The ____ of the amino acid determines the identity of the amino acid.
r-group
Of all the amino acids, there are 8 that must be taken in a human's diet. These are referred to as the _____.
essential amino acids
What enzyme links proteins together?
peptidases
The common name for carbohydrates is ____
sugars
A lipid with two fatty acid chains attached to the glycerol portion is known as a ______.
diglyceride
In dehydration synthesis, what is released?
water
Many amino acids linked together form what is referred to as a ______.
polypeptide or protein
True or false: Polypeptides are broken apart by enzymes known as lipases. A molecule of water is required and the process is known as dehydration synthesis.
False. Polypeptides are broken apart by enzymes known as peptidases. In order to compete the process, water is required. The process is known as hydrolysis.
The most important sugar to living things (the "fuel") is ____.
glucose
Would you expect to find saturated fats in bacon?
Yes
True or false: A tripeptide consists of two linked amino acids
False
What is the primary role of proteins in living things?
Proteins provide a source of building materials for structure.
What protein is found in egg whites and also in the blood?
Glucose and fructose both share n=6, but they do not have the same structure. They are known as ____.
isomers
The enzymes which work to lyse lipids into smaller, useful components are called _____.
lipases
The first milk found in mammals is known as ____ and contains proteins important to the survival of the baby animal.
colostrum
On the diagram of the "amino man," what do we call the "head and ears"?
amine group
On the diagram of "amino man," what do we call the "foot with the long toe"?
hydroxyl group
Sucrose is commonly known as _____.
table sugar
One cup of lipid has about __ times the amount of energy found in the same amount of glucose.
9