What is the term used to describe the supreme leader of a Muslim state?
sultan
100
How did the crusades begin?
Byzantine emperor Alexius feared the close advance of the Seljuk Turks to Constantinople. He asked the pope for help in fighting them off.
100
For what reason did the Muslims win the 2nd Crusade?
They were much more united and organized as a group.
100
What was one positive and one negative impact of the crusades on Christians?
positive - new items, foods, increase in trade (profit), increase in the use of money, use of tax system, more power to king (fall of feudal system)
negative - loss of life, effects of war
100
Match the empire with the geographic region
Mughal - Safavid - Ottoman
NorthEgypt/Turkey - India - Iran/Saudi Arabia
Mughal - India
Ottoman - NorthEgypt/Turkey
Safavid - Iran/Saudi Arabia
200
What was the name of the Central Asian people who took control of the Abbasid dynasty's capital, Baghdad?
Seljuk Turks
200
What major crusade event occurred in Clermont, France?
Pope Urban II made a great speech calling all Christians to fight in the crusade to regain the holy land.
200
What was the name of the Muslim ruler who formed the largest Muslim empire since the Seljuks?
Saladin
200
Name one negative and one positive outcome of the crusades on Muslims.
Negative - loss of life, destruction of property
Positive - exposure to new weapons and military ideas (permanent armies), increase in trade, led to building new mosques, etc
200
Who was Osman and what is he remembered for?
He was a Turk who started the Ottoman dynasty in northern Anatolia.
300
Give the reasons why the Muslims, Christians, and Jews all felt that the city of Jerusalem was sacred to them.
Muslims - it is where Muhammad ascended to heaven and met God
Christians - it is where Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead
Jews - it was the spiritual capital of the Jews, where their great temple stood
300
Why would a regular person join this fight?
To gain salvation and enter into heaven.
300
What peace treaty was made between Saladin and King Richard I of England with regard to the area around the Holy Land the the city of Jerusalem?
The crusaders were allowed to keep a chain of cities along the coast of Palestine. Muslims agreed to let Christian pilgrims to enter Jerusalem.
300
What were two negative effects of the crusades on Jews?
Negative - loss of life, destruction of synagogues, holy books, anti-semitism, segregation to ghettos
300
Why is the date 1453 so important?
It is the date when the Ottoman's conquered the Byzantine capital Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. It became the Ottoman capital.
400
How long did the crusades last? 100, 200, 300, or 400 years.
200
400
Why would a merchant and the second son of a noble join the crusade?
Merchant - a chance to earn money through trade
Young son of noble - to gain estates in the holy land
400
Give an explanation of what the Reconquista was, who was involved, where did it take place...
They were a series of war initiated by the Christians who wanted to retake the Iberian Peninsula (Spain/Portugal) from the Muslims
400
Which group threatened the Muslims during the mid 1200s? Where were they from? Who was their leader?
The Mongols from north of China, headed by Ghenghis Khan
400
What was a millet?
local communities of Christians, Jews and Muslims who were allowed to govern themselves. They had considerable freedom.
500
Where is Palestine?
It is the area known as the Holy Land....the area between Egypt and Syria
500
What was the result of the first crusade?
Christians gained the Holy Land
500
What was the Spanish Inquisition, who was involved in it, what was the result?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella established a Roman Catholic court against Muslims and Jews who claimed to have converted to Christianity. Judges used torture to determine if a person was practicing their old religion.
500
What types of cultural changes did the Mongols make over time which helped to unite them?
They converted to Islam and made Persian the language of government.
500
What is a shah?
a ruler in certain Middle East lands especially Persia (Iraq)