Transcription
mRNA processing
Translation
Molecular Madness
Putting it all together
Practice problems
100
This molecule is a disposable "photocopy" of the DNA.
What is pre-mRNA?
100
These structures bind together to form a larger structure called the spliceosome.
What are snRNPs ("snurps")?
100
This bond maintains the shape of tRNA molecules, and attaches codon/anticodon pairs together with specificity.
What are hydrogen bonds?
100
The most abundant type of RNA in the cytoplasm.
What is rRNA?
100
DNA -> RNA -> Polypeptide
What is the central dogma?
100
A triplet of bases 5'-GGA-3' in the mRNA codes for this amino acid.
What is glycine?
200
The location of transcription in a cell.
What is the nucleus?
200
Approximately 50-250 adenine residues.
What is the poly-A tail?
200
The growing polypeptide chain is transferred from the tRNA at the P site to the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site, forming this type of covalent bond between the newly added amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain.
What is a peptide bond?
200
The 5' cap and poly-A tail serve to protect the mRNA from degradation by these.
What are exonucleases (hydrolytic enzymes)?
200
A section of the DNA that codes for a protein.
What is a gene?
200
A particular triplet of bases in the mRNA 3'-GUC-5' codes for this protein
What is Leucine?
300
In all known life forms, RNA Polymerase binds here.
What is the promoter sequence (TATA box)?
300
These sections of mRNA are removed by the spliceosome complex.
What are introns?
300
During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit attaches to the 5' end of the mRNA. Then, the initiator tRNA (anticodon 3'-UAC-5') attaches to the start codon of the mRNA strand. Finally, the large subunit of the ribosome attaches, triggering the start of elongation. At this time, the initiator tRNA is in this site of the ribosome.
What is the P site?
300
Charges tRNA molecules by attaching an amino acid to the 3' end of the tRNA.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
300
This is required for initiation of polymerization by DNA polymerase but not required by RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
What is an RNA primer?
300
The likely outcome when the following mRNA sequence 5'-AUGGGGUGUUCCAGG...-3' is mistranscribed to yield the following sequence 5'-AUGGGGUGAUCCAGG...-3'
Translation will stop and a functional protein will not be made. (Nonsense mutation)
400
Required for initiation in addition to RNA Polymerase in eukaryotic cells ONLY.
What are transcription factors?
400
Two modifications that protect mRNA from degradation.
What are the 5'-cap and the poly-A tail?
400
The codons UAA, UGA, and UAG signal the end of translation by calling not a charged tRNA, but this.
What is a release factor?
400
The monomer subunits that are polymerized to create polypeptides.
What are amino acids?
400
A list of the mRNA codons that do not code for tRNA anticodons, but a release factor.
UGA
UAA
UAG
400
The amino acid sequence encoded by the following mRNA sequence.
5'-AUGUCCUAUUGG-3'
Methionine - Serine - Tyrosine - Tryptophan
500
A DNA template of the sequence 5'-TAG-3' will yield this codon in the mRNA.
5'-CUA-3'
500
The green sections as pictured in the mRNA below.
What are the untranslated regions (3' UTR and 5' UTR)?
500
Since the mRNA is read in the 5' - 3' direction, sequences in this strand of DNA are reversed to yield the proper codon sequence.
What is the template strand?
500
DNA, tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, snRNPs, and pre-mRNA are all composed, at least in part, of nucleotides. These molecules can be seen adding to the process of gene expression in this order.
What is DNA, pre-mRNA, snRNPs, mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA?
500
In prokaryotes, this process does not occur.
What is mRNA processing?
500
This amino acid sequence is encoded by the following sequence in the template strand of the DNA.
5'-CCTATAGGACAT-3'
Methionine - Serine - Tyrosine - Arginine