Strategy: working smarter, NOT harder.
Why is it a good idea to read the questions before the passage?
what is it helps you know what you are looking for?
Used to persuade an audience with reasons using facts and figures.
what is logos?
Read the following question and identify if it is a WHAT, HOW or WHY question and what keyword lead you to believe that? "Which of the following best describes a major theme of the poem?"
what is "WHAT"
keyword/phrase:Major theme.
"How can you advocate some laws and obeying others?"
What is rhetorical question?
How may of you remember the first thing that the Declaration of Independence said? It said, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that there are certain inalienable rights of the people, and among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"; and it said, further, "We hold the view that all men are created equal."
How does the author utilize quotes from the Declaration of Independence (paragraph 6) in the structure of his argument?
A.The author uses these quotes to support his central ideas of total equality, that all children born should start with the same allotment of money—nothing—so that they might work for their wealth as equals.
B.The author uses these quotes to make his audience feel guilty for not upholding to the Founding Fathers’ ideas.
C.The author uses these quotes to remind his audience that they have not upheld these American ideals, and that to maintain the wealth gap is to deny impoverished Americans their inalienable rights to equality as well as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
D.The author uses those quotes to support his argument that a totally free market was not the Founding Fathers’ intentions for the United States economy.
what is C.The author uses these quotes to remind his audience that they have not upheld these American ideals, and that to maintain the wealth gap is to deny impoverished Americans their inalienable rights to equality as well as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
It helps you see how long the text is.
what is scan the text?
Appeal to emotions.
what is pathos?
Read the following question and identify if it is a WHAT, HOW or WHY question and what keyword lead you to believe that? "does the conclusion of the poem impact the poem’s theme?"
what is "HOW"
keyword/phrase:IMPACT
"Permit for a parade... privilege of peaceful assembly and peaceful protest..."
what is alliteration?
Then we have heard of the great Greek philosopher, Socrates, and the greater Greek philosopher, Plato, and we have read the dialog between Plato and Socrates, in which one said that great riches brought on great poverty, and would be destructive of a country. Read what they said. Read what Plato said; that you must not let any one man be too poor, and you must not let any one man be too rich; that the same mill that grinds out the extra rich is the mill that will grind out the extra poor, because, in order that the extra rich can become so affluent, they must necessarily take more of what ordinarily would belong to the average man.
Which of the following best explains the meaning and purpose of the following phrase from paragraph 29: “the same mill that grinds out the extra rich is the mill that will grind out the extra poor”?
A.The phrase connects the rich and the poor through the “mill,” implying that the two groups are not so different and thus contributing to the central theme of equality.
B.The phrase shows the rich taking advantage of the poor working at the mill, supporting the author’s claims that the rich knowingly take advantage of cheap, poor labor.
C.The phrase means the same “mill,” which represents U.S. industry, creates the very wealthy and the very poor, contributing to the author’s main argument for economic social reform.
D.The phrase means that the same process that makes wealth also creates poverty, implying that there is no way to fully fix the economy to guarantee equality.
what is C.The phrase means the same “mill,” which represents U.S. industry, creates the very wealthy and the very poor, contributing to the author’s main argument for economic social reform.
It helps you understand the passage before reading it.
what is answer the reference questions?
Credibility of the authors themselves.
What is ethos?
Read the following question and identify if it is a WHAT, HOW or WHY question and what keyword lead you to believe that? "How do the speaker’s actions in the first stanza provoke action in the poem?"
what is "WHY"
keyword/phrase: speaker’s actions
"I think I should give the reason for being in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the argument of "outsiders coming in""
what is oxymoron?
Look at what the Mayo brothers announced this week, these greatest scientists of all the world today, who are entitled to have more money than all the Morgans and the Rockefellers, or anyone else, and yet the Mayos turn back their big fortunes to be used for treating the sick, and said they did not want to lay up fortunes in this earth, but wanted to turn them back where they would do some good; but the other big capitalists are not willing to do that, are not willing to do what these men, 10 times more worthy, have already done, and it is going to take a law to require them to do it.
Why does the author likely mention the Mayo brothers in the conclusion of the speech?
A.To justify their wealth with their contributions to healthcare and mankind
B.To condemn them for making money off of the sick
C.To set them as the model example of the wealthy minority for they donated their fortune
D.To embarrass the wealthy who he claims are less deserving of their money than the Mayo brothers
what is C.To set them as the model example of the wealthy minority for they donated their fortune.
It helps you cross out the answer choices that are not necessary.
what is process of elimination?
"We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights."
What is pathos?
Read the following question and identify if it is a WHAT, HOW or WHY question and what keyword lead you to believe that? "What impact does the figurative language in lines 5-8 have on the poem’s meaning?"
What is a "Why"
Keyword/phrase: What IMPACT
“We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.”
what is metaphor?
And I waterd it in fears,
Night & morning with my tears:
And I sunned it with smiles,
And with soft deceitful wiles
What impact does the figurative language in lines 5-8 have on the poem’s meaning?
A.The speaker’s wrath ripens like a piece of fruit that, like the foe, is outwardly beautiful but inwardly rotten.
B.The speaker tends to their wrath like a plant, implying that the speaker actually does care for the foe because of all of the attention they pay to them.
C.The speaker’s wrath grows every time their foe smiles at or acts kindly towards the speaker, which suggests that nothing can overcome hatred.
D.The speaker tends to their wrath like a plant that later produces a poisoned fruit, implying that anger can feel satisfying but is toxic to let grow.
what is B.The speaker tends to their wrath like a plant, implying that the speaker actually does care for the foe because of all of the attention they pay to them.
It helps you understand what you are looking for in a question.
what is breaking the question?
"My dear fellow clergymen,"
What is ethos?
Read the following quote and identify if it is a WHAT, HOW or WHY question and what keyword/phrase lead you to believe that?"We can never forget that everything Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal"
What is "HOW"
keyword/phrase:Because he uses sarcasm.
"We can never forget that everything Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal.""
what is juxtaposition?
Still, if treating juveniles as adults in the criminal justice system proved effective, a more convincing argument could be made for the practice. But the evidence doesn’t support it. Studies comparing the recidivism3 rates of youth processed in the juvenile system with those handled in the adult system indicate that youth processed in the adult system are likely to re-offend more quickly and at higher rates. Moreover, studies show that a criminal conviction and incarceration have long-term adverse social, educational and economic effects on youth, and that community-based supervision and treatment are, except for the highest-risk kids, far more successful and appropriate for juveniles.
How does paragraph 5 contribute to development of the central idea of the text?
A.It suggests that juvenile offenders face more obstacles in prison than adult offenders.
B.It explains that juvenile offenders are harmed rather than helped when sentenced as adults.
C.It stresses how some juvenile offenders respond positively to adult sentences, while others do not.
D.It gives an example of a juvenile who was sentenced as an adult and never able to reintegrate into society.
what is A.It suggests that juvenile offenders face more obstacles in prison than adult offenders.