Unit 1 - Geography
What is the current world population trend?
It continues to rise
What are the four founding documents we discussed in class?
Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Constitution, and the Bill of Rights
What is the ability for tribes to govern themselves called?
Tribal Sovereignty
How are the number of representatives in the House determined?
The population of the state
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Pros and cons of China's One Child Policy
Pros - Increased wealth for families, boosted the economy, reduced the population, allowed women to pursue opportunities like school, job training, etc.,
Cons - Led to more males than females, more responsibilities for children taking care of the older population, fertility decline, lack of personal choice/family planning
What is the purpose of government according to the Declaration of Independence?
Protect people's unalienable rights
What are the 4 main types of local government?
County, city, village, town
What are the two main political ideologies and the political parties associated with each?
Conservative - Republican
Liberal - Democrat
What is the Supremacy Clause?
If there are conflicting laws/issues between the Federal and State governments, the Federal government will overrule the State government
Explain the three main population pyramids we discussed in class
Expansive - Wide base, narrowing as it goes upward, many births but children don't live long, not many elderly, poor health care, poor education, not enough workers, developing country
Constrictive - Narrow base, wider top portion, population is not growing/shrinking, there will be more old people than young, not enough workers in the future will eventually lead to an unstable economy, education and healthcare are good, developed country
Stationary - Relatively even/stable all the way up, population is not growing rapidly, good healthcare and education, wealthy economy, enough workers to support the economy, older people dying are being replaced by the right amount of young people, ideal pyramid
What are the three main branches of government, and a main responsibility of each?
Legislative - Create and pass laws and legislation
Judicial - Interpret the Constitution and apply them to different court cases/scenarios
Executive - Sign/veto laws, oversee all departments in the cabinet, serve as commander in chief of the military, etc.
What is a unique power the Wisconsin Governor has?
Line Item Veto - Ability to veto/change specific words or lines in a bill before signing off on it
What are the four qualifications for voting?
18 years old, resident of the U.S., resident of the state you're voting in, registered to vote. (In Wisconsin you need a photo ID)
What are ordinances?
Rules (not laws) passed by local/municipal governments
Explain three different kinds of maps, and what their purposes are
Political map - Shows boundaries between nations, states, and counties, capitals and cities
Physical map - Shows topography (elevation change), ocean depth, and landforms
Choropleth map - Color-coded map comparing datas between cities, counties, states, or countries with a key showing what different colors signify
Special purpose map - Emphasize a single idea about an area like road maps, natural resources, economic activity, etc.
Cartogram - Size and shape of places are distorted (changed/altered) to make a point (ex - bigger country sizes mean they have a higher GDP)
Geographic Information System (GIS) - Computer system showing data on the Earth's surface through map layers
What are the four main ideals in the Declaration of Independence? Explain each.
Consent of the Governed - The people are the ones who agree to let the government have power (the power of the government comes from the people)
Unalienable Rights - Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, everyone has these rights and they cannot be taken away
Right to Alter or Abolish Government - If the government does not perform its job of providing unalienable rights, the people have the responsibility to change the government
Equality - All people should have the same rights, and politicians/the government should not have more rights/power than normal people
What are the three branches of Wisconsin state government, who is included in each branch, and what are their term lengths
What is the Electoral College? How many votes are needed to win?
What was the outcome of the Supreme Court cases: New Jersey vs. TLO, AND Tinker vs. Des Moines
New Jersey vs. TLO - School officials have the ability to search students with only reasonable suspicion
Tinker vs. Des Moines - Students retain the right of free speech when in school
Name each of the 5 themes of geography and explain each one
Location - Absolute location is latitude and longitude or a street address, relative location is described by landmarks, time, direction, or distance from one place to another (near, far, north, a short drive, etc)
Place - Physical characteristics are landforms (mountains, plains, etc), bodies of water (oceans, lakes, etc), or ecosystems (soil, plants, animals, climate, etc.). Human characteristics are bridges, roads, buildings, culture, languages, beliefs, etc.
Human-Environment Interaction - Depend is how people depend on the environment for transportation on bodies of water, hydroelectric power from water, farming and food sources on land, etc. Adapt is wearing clothes that suit the environment/temperature, moving as a result of rising sea levels, etc. Modifying is changing the environment by heating and cooling buildings, clearing trees, producing fossil fuels, etc.
Movement - Movement of people, products, and information/ideas via cars, trains, planes, phones, computer, mail, newspapers, tv, radio, etc.
Regions - Based on physical and human characteristics. Can be formal regions (states, countries, continents) or informal regions based on different perceptions (the "south", the "midwest", "tornado alley", etc.
Name 5 of the 10 amendments in the Bill of Rights
1st Amendment - Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition
2nd Amendment - Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment - You have the right to refuse housing/quartering of military members
4th Amendment - Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
5th Amendment - Right to remain silent, no double jeopardy (cannot be tried twice for the same offense)
6th Amendment - Guarantees a speedy and public trial, granted a lawyer if you cannot afford one
7th Amendment - Civil cases/lawsuits have a right to be decided by a jury
8th Amendment - No cruel or unusual punishment, bails and fines cannot be excessive
9th Amendment - Protects rights not explicitly listed in the Constitution
10th Amendment - Power not given to the national government are guaranteed to the states and people
What are responsibilities of each level of government: State, local, tribal?
State - Run k-12 and UW education system, create state standards/curriculum for education, carry out and enforce state laws, state budgets, requirements for licenses, etc.
Local - Zoning, create/enforce ordinances, parks and recreation, garbage/brush pick up, public safety (police and fire), utilities, etc.
Tribal - Tribal government, taxing its residents, maintaining the reservation, creating and enforcing laws within the tribe, maintaining its own education and public safety, etc.
What are the three types of elections we talked about in class?
Primary elections - Narrows down the number of candidates
Midterm elections - Elections for members of Congress and some governors, but NOT the President
General elections - Voting for the President, as well as some Governors, U.S. Senators, U.S. Representatives, State Legislators, and/or any other state, federal, or local officials
What do each of the 15th, 19th, and 26th Amendments state?
15th - Granted voting rights to African American males
19th - Granted voting rights to women
26th - Changed the voting age from 21 to 18 during the Vietnam War