Digestive Structure
The muscular layer of the GI tract responsible for peristalsis.
What is the muscularis externa?
These cells secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
What are parietal cells?
This bile pigment comes from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
What is bilirubin?
The first step in cellular respiration that occurs in the cytosol.
What is glycolysis?
This vitamin is critical for collagen synthesis and acts as an antioxidant.
What is vitamin C?
These folds in the stomach allow it to expand.
What are rugae?
The enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch (carbohydrates).
What is salivary amylase?
The process by which bile salts coat fats to aid digestion.
What is emulsification?
The process that converts excess glucose into glycogen.
What is glycogenesis?
These nutrients are needed in small quantities and include vitamins and minerals.
What are micronutrients?
The segment of the small intestine most active in absorption.
What is the jejunum?
This hormone decreases acid secretion by parietal cells.
What is somatostatin?
These hard deposits can form from crystallized cholesterol in bile.
What are gallstones?
The process that forms glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
What is gluconeogenesis?
The heat transfer mechanism that occurs through direct contact.
What is conduction?
The valve that prevents backflow from the large intestine to the ileum.
What is the ileocecal valve?
The pH-lowering substance responsible for activating pepsinogen.
What is hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
This pancreatic secretion neutralizes acidic chyme.
What are bicarbonate ions?
The reaction type where electrons are transferred between molecules.
What is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
These fatty acids cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from food.
What are essential fatty acids?
The three distinct regions of the small intestine.
What are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?
The structure that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing.
What is the soft palate?
The pancreatic enzyme that digests lipids.
What is pancreatic lipase?
The process by which amino groups are removed during amino acid breakdown.
What is transamination?
This lipoprotein transports cholesterol to cells and is known as “bad cholesterol.”
What is LDL (low-density lipoprotein)?