Energy Provision
The primary role of carbohydrates in the body?
What is to supply energy to all cells in the body.
When the body has enough energy for body functions, excess glucose is stored as ___.
Glycogen.
Most absorbed glucose is used to make energy; however, some glucose is converted to ribose and deoxyribose, which are essential building blocks of these 3 important macromolecules.
RNA, DNA, and ATP
Carbohydrates spare this macronutrient so that it performs its function of tissue repair and growth.
What are proteins.
Anaerobic respiration or the fermentation of sugar produces ___ in the absence of oxygen.
Lactic Acid.
Many cells prefer this molecule as a source of energy vs other molecules such as fatty acids?
What is Glucose.
Glycogen is stored in these organs in the body
Muscle and Liver.
Glucose is also used to make this important macromolecule which provides protection against oxidative stress and is used in many other chemical reactions in the body.
NADPH
This is a metabolic condition resulting from an elevation of ketone bodies in the blood.
Ketosis.
This part of the human body consumes the most glucose.
What is the brain.
The first stage in the breakdown of glucose is a process called ____ which occurs in an intricate series of ten enzymatic-reaction steps.
Glycolysis.
After prolonged exercise and depletion of glycogen stores, the body relies on these macronutrients ____ and ___ for energy.
Lipids and Protein
If all the energy needs of the body are met, excess glucose can be used to make___.
Fat.
______ are an alternative energy source that cells can use when glucose supply is insufficient, such as during fasting.
Ketone bodies
Refueling ___ stores with carbs after exercise helps lessen muscle soreness and fatigue.
Glycogen
Carbohydrates provide __ calories per gram.
4
This organ readily gives up its stored glycogen to other tissues of the body when blood glucose levels are low.
Liver
Soluble fiber can help lower _____.
Glucose levels and blood cholesterol levels.
During times of prolonged starvation, ____are the primary source of energy for the brain.
Ketones
The glycogen in the muscles can only be used by these tissues in the body.
Muscles.
The 3 phases of cellular respiration which convert food into energy or adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What is glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
The amount of glycogen in the body at any one time is equivalent to roughly ____ calories.
4,000 kilocalories—3,000 in muscle tissue and 1,000 in the liver.
Insoluble fiber helps food move through the digestive system to prevent ___.
Constipation.
Severe loss of muscle mass from the use of protein for energy can lead to ___.
Poor health & death.
___ percentage of a person's daily calories should come from CHO.
45-65% (~225 to 325 g/day of a 2000 calorie diet)