Fluids/ Electrolytes
Risk factors for FVD
What is diarrhea (especially in infants and children), burns, nausea and vomiting, acute and chronic renal failure, hemorrhage, and diabetic ketoacidosis?
This is one of the physiological changes with aging that can lead to increased risk for dehydration.
What is decreased kidney function?
When a client is injured, this member of the care team must be notified
Who is the client's physician?
Signs of diabetes insipidus
What is excessive urination of clear, diluted urine and often excessive thirst (polydipsia)?
Risk factors for hypokalemia
What are potassium-depleting diuretic use, corticosteroid use, antibiotics such as amphotericin B, severe vomiting, gastric suctioning, alkalosis, and long-term IV fluid replacement without the addition of potassium.
This assessment is most accurate for detecting fluid changes within the body
What is weighing the client?
3 ways to reduce in hospital falls
What are lock bed wheels, lock brakes on wheelchair, and provide a night light?
To control fluid volume intake for a client in FVO, the nurse would expect this order
What is a fluid restriction?
Symptoms of FVD
What are lethargy, dry mucous membranes, reduced urine output, weakness, hypotension, tachycardia, & tachypnea?
Excessive volume loss affects heart rate and BP in this way
What is high heart rate and low BP?
When assessing skeletal traction this is an important part of correct implementation.
What is weights are swinging freely off the bed?
A common ingredient in salt substitutes
What is potassium chloride?
Symptoms of hyperkalemia
What are tall, peaked T waves and widened QRS, cramping, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, decreased cardiac contractility and decreased urine output?
Use of these medications place the client at risk for hypokalemia
What are non potassium sparing diuretics?
3 signs of fat embolism syndrome
What is petechial rash, dyspnea, & restlessness?
Signs of hyponatremia
What is confusion, muscle cramps, diminished reflexes, anorexia, & diarrhea?
Symptoms of hypokalemia
What are numbness, tingling, muscle twitching, flat inverted T waves, irregular heart rate, & low shallow respirations?
Signs of hypocalcemia
What are numbness and tingling of the fingers, hyperactive reflexes, muscle cramps, laryngeal spasms, tetany, confusion, hypotension and bradycardia?
The 5 Ps of neurovascular assessment
What are pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, and paralysis?
Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis
What are excessive caffeine intake, body weight, and sedentary lifestyle?