Fundamentals of Nursing
This five-step process is what nurses use to collect data, plan care, and evaluate outcomes.
What is the nursing process?
These include body temperature, pulse, respiration, oxygen saturation, blood pressure and sometimes pain.
What are vital signs?
This macronutrient provides the body’s primary source of energy.
What are carbohydrates?
This principle describes how a drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is pharmacokinetics?
This lab test measures the number of red blood cells circulating in a patient’s blood.
What is a complete blood count (CBC) – red blood cell count?
This type of assessment concentrates on a specific body system or patient problem rather than the whole patient.
What is a focused assessment?
This sequence is what a clinician uses to assess the abdomen to avoid altering bowel sounds.
What is inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation?
This vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and maintaining healthy bones.
What is vitamin D?
This medication reverses the effects of an opioid, such as slowing of breathing or sedation.
What is naloxone?
This type of shock can occur suddenly due to a severe allergic reaction, causing low blood pressure and airway swelling.
What is anaphylactic shock?
This principle states that patients have the right to make decisions about their own care.
What is autonomy?
This technique is used to safely withdraw medication from a vial using a syringe.
What is aseptic technique?
This condition occurs when a person does not eat enough calories and nutrients, resulting in unintended weight loss, weakness, and poor wound healing.
What is malnutrition?
This group of drugs reduces pain and inflammation by blocking the production of prostaglandins.
What are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
This hormone regulates blood glucose by helping cells take in sugar from the blood.
What is insulin?
This strategy is used by nurses to prevent hospital-acquired infections, including proper hand hygiene and use of barriers.
What is infection control or standard precautions?
This targeted oxygen saturation range is safe for most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, without causing CO₂ retention.
What is 88-92%?
This dietary modification is recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent electrolyte imbalances.
What is a renal diet (low sodium, potassium, and phosphorus)?
This type of diuretic works in the loop of Henle to remove excess sodium and water from the body.
What is a loop diuretic?
This condition is characterized by the collapse of alveoli, reducing gas exchange and often occurring after surgery or prolonged immobility.
What is atelectasis?
This method helps nurses determine which patient problems to address first, considering Maslow’s hierarchy and life-threatening conditions.
What is clinical prioritization or patient prioritization?
This procedure is used to prevent air embolism during IV therapy.
What is priming IV tubing or using proper flushing technique?
This term refers to the body’s hypermetabolic response to severe injury, infection, or trauma, characterized by increased energy expenditure, protein catabolism, and altered nutrient needs.
What is metabolic stress?
This unpredictable drug reaction occurs regardless of the dose and may involve an allergic response.
What is an idiosyncratic or hypersensitivity reaction?
This chronic lung disease destroys the alveoli and causes persistent difficulty with breathing.
What is emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?