Nutrition
A nurse is teaching a patient with hyperlipidemia about dietary changes. Which meal indicates understanding of a heart-healthy diet?
A) Grilled salmon, brown rice, and steamed broccoli
B) Fried chicken, mashed potatoes, and corn
C) Steak, baked potato with sour cream, and green beans
D) Tuna salad with mayonnaise and crackers
A) Grilled salmon, brown rice, and steamed brocco
A nurse is administering a medication via intramuscular (IM) injection. What is the correct angle for this injection?
A) 15 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 90 degrees
D) 120 degrees
C) 90 degrees
Which stage of pressure injury involves full-thickness skin loss and visible subcutaneous tissue?
Stage 3
A patient undergoing preoperative teaching asks why they must remain NPO for 8 hours before surgery. What is the correct response?
A) “To reduce the risk of aspiration during anesthesia.”
B) “To prevent bowel obstruction after the procedure.”
C) “To reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting.”
D) “To ensure the anesthetic works effectively.”
A) “To reduce the risk of aspiration during anesthesia.”
A patient with severe diarrhea is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypercalcemia
B) Hypokalemia
A patient with dysphagia has been prescribed a pureed diet. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
A) Encourage the patient to eat quickly to prevent fatigue
B) Ensure liquids are thickened to the correct consistency
C) Position the patient in a semi-Fowler’s position during meals
D) Alternate pureed food with water sips to aid swallowing
B) Ensure liquids are thickened to the correct consistency
The nurse is administering medications through a PEG tube. Which action should be avoided?
A) Flushing the tube before and after medication administration.
B) Crushing enteric-coated medications.
C) Administering one medication at a time.
D) Mixing liquid medications with water.
B) Crushing enteric-coated medications
A nurse notices a patient’s wound has purulent drainage. Which characteristic is most associated with purulent drainage?
A) Clear and odorless
B) Thick, yellow, or green with an odor
C) Thin and watery with a pink tint
D) Thick, clear, and odorless
B) Thick, yellow, or green with an odor
A nurse observes a postoperative patient has not voided in the past 8 hours. What is the most appropriate initial action?
A) Palpate the bladder for distention
B) Encourage the patient to drink more fluids
C) Insert a straight catheter
D) Notify the healthcare provider
A) Palpate the bladder for distention
A patient with a sodium level of 125 mEq/L(this is HIGH) is at risk for which condition?
A) Seizures
B) Kidney stones
C) Cardiac arrhythmias
D) Hypertension
A) Seizures
A patient with celiac disease is learning about dietary changes. Which food should the patient avoid?
A) Rice
B) Potatoes
C) Wheat bread
D) Quinoa
C) Wheat bread
While administering a subcutaneous injection, the nurse observes a small amount of blood entering the syringe. What is the nurse’s next action?
A) Continue administering the medication.
B) Stop the injection and restart at another site.
C) Withdraw the needle partially and continue.
D) Notify the provider immediately.
B) Stop the injection and restart at another site.
A nurse is preparing to suction a tracheostomy. What is the first step?
A) Hyperoxygenate the patient.
B) Insert the catheter without applying suction.
C) Suction the trachea for at least 30 seconds.
D) Assess the patient's lung sounds.
A) Hyperoxygenate the patient
A patient in the PACU is exhibiting signs of hypoxemia (restlessness and cyanosis). What should the nurse do first?
A) Administer a sedative to calm the patient
B) Increase the oxygen flow rate and assess breathing
C) Notify the surgeon immediately
D) Perform oral suctioning to clear secretions
B) Increase the oxygen flow rate and assess breathing
A patient has a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL.(this is LOW) What would the nurse expect to observe?
A) Hyperreflexia and muscle cramps
B) Bradycardia and respiratory depression
C) Confusion and lethargy
D) Hypertension and edema
A) Hyperreflexia and muscle cramps
Vitamin _____
Function- vision, tissue strength & immunity, growth
Food sources- fish, liver oils, liver, egg yolk, dark green leafy vegetables
Vitamin A
A provider orders cefazolin 500 mg IV every 8 hours. The vial is labeled 1 gram in 10 mL of solution. How many milliliters should the nurse administer per dose?
A) 2 mL
B) 5 mL
C) 7 mL
D) 10 mL
B) 5 mL
A nurse notes a patient has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min after receiving opioids. What is the priority intervention?
A) Administer oxygen via nasal cannula
B) Notify the provider
C) Administer naloxone as prescribed
D) Increase the patient’s head-of-bed elevation
C) Administer naloxone as prescribed
During the postoperative period, a patient develops a low-grade fever, a cough, and decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes. What is the nurse’s priority intervention?
A) Obtain a sputum culture
B) Encourage the patient to use the incentive spirometer
C) Notify the healthcare provider immediately
D) Administer antipyretics as prescribed
B) Encourage the patient to use the incentive spirometer
We lose fluid through ______ loss and _______ loss.
*Double points for naming the 4 ways the fluid leaves the body.
Sensible- we can see. Ex. urine, feces
Insensible- we can't see. Ex. skin, lungs
This dietary preference can have eggs and milk but no other animal products.
Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian
A patient is prescribed dopamine at 5 mcg/kg/min. The patient weighs 70 kg, and the available solution is 400 mg in 250 mL D5W. How many mL/hr should the infusion pump be set to?
A) 13 mL/hr
B) 15 mL/hr
C) 16 mL/hr
D) 18 mL/hr
A) 13 mL/hr
A patient with a venous ulcer is prescribed compression therapy. What is the priority assessment the nurse should perform before applying the compression bandage?
A) Measure the size of the ulcer
B) Assess for adequate arterial circulation
C) Check the patient's weight
D) Monitor the patient’s oxygen saturation
B) Assess for adequate arterial circulation
A nurse is monitoring a patient in the PACU following surgery. The patient begins exhibiting tachycardia, hypercapnia, and muscle rigidity. Malignant hyperthermia is suspected. What additional sign would the nurse expect to confirm the diagnosis?
A) Decreased urine output
B) Rapid onset of fever
C) Sudden hypotension
D) Cyanosis of the extremities
B) Rapid onset of fever
S/S- low BP, high HR, high RR, at risk for orthostatic hypotension, 20 mL urinary output an hour, cool,clammy skin
Labs- High BUN, High Creatinine, High Urine Specific Gravity.
What fluid or electrolyte imbalance is this?
HYPOvolemia