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Asepsis and Infection Control
Hygiene
Activity
Safety
Medication
100

A client with tuberculosis is admitted to the hospital. How can the nurse reduce the risk of transmission?What type of precaution should the nurse implement, and how can they reduce the risk of transmission?

What are Airborne precautions, and wearing an N95 respirator?

100

When performing a bed bath for a client, what is the most important factor to ensure the client’s safety?

  • Ensuring the client's bed rails are raised on the side opposite the nurse to prevent falls.
  • Maintaining privacy and dignity by draping the client appropriately.
  • Observing the client’s skin condition for any signs of irritation, redness, or pressure injuries.
  • Ensuring proper body mechanics to prevent strain or injury to both the client and the nurse.
100

When assisting with range-of-motion exercises, what is the correct way to perform inversion and eversion?


What is “Turning the sole of the foot toward the midline (inversion) and then outward (eversion)”

100

What are common safety risks in healthcare environments, and how can nurses help prevent them?

  • Falls, by ensuring proper footwear, clear walkways, and using assistive devices.
  • Medication errors, by performing the five rights of medication administration.
  • Infections, by following standard precautions and hand hygiene protocols.
  • Patient identification errors, by verifying identity with two identifiers.
100

What are the five rights of medication administration?

Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time.

200

The nurse is handling cerebrospinal fluid after a lumbar puncture. What specific test can help guide the prescribed antibiotic therapy?

What is a Gram stain?

200

What is the correct technique for the nurse to use when applying and removing a face mask to prevent contamination?

  • Touching only the mask strings or ear loops, avoiding contact with the front of the mask where pathogens may be present.
  • Performing hand hygiene before and after touching the mask to prevent the spread of infection.
  • Ensuring the mask covers both the nose and mouth to provide full protection against droplet transmission.
200

What device is used to assist in moving a patient laterally from a bed to a stretcher?



A friction-reducing sheet or lateral-assist device.

200

What does the RACE acronym stand for in fire safety?

Rescue, Activate, Confine, Evacuate.

200

What is the most common subcutaneous (SubQ) injection site, and what types of medications are typically administered this way?

The abdomen, specifically around or below the belly button, avoiding a 2-inch radius around the navel. This site is preferred due to the good absorption rate.

  • Insulin, commonly used to manage blood sugar levels in diabetic clients.
  • Heparin (low-molecular weight) (e.g., Lovenox) for anticoagulation therapy.
  • Vaccines
300

What is the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis? 

Medical asepsis reduces the number of pathogens, while surgical asepsis eliminates all microorganisms.

300

A nurse is preparing a basin bath with Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) for a client. What should the nurse do to ensure effective hygiene?

What is:

  • Do not rinse off the CHG as it provides ongoing antimicrobial protection on the skin.
  • Use a clean cloth for each body area to reduce the risk of cross-contamination.
  • Avoid using CHG on open or deep wounds, unless directed by a healthcare provider.
300

What are graduated compression stockings, and why are they applied?

They prevent DVT by increasing blood flow and venous return in the legs.

300

How can nurses ensure client safety when using equipment like wheelchairs, walkers, or hospital beds?


  • Locking wheels on beds and wheelchairs to prevent rolling during transfers.
  • Ensuring the height and position of the bed or chair is adjusted for safety.
  • Educating clients on proper use of assistive devices, such as walkers.
  • Inspecting equipment regularly to ensure it is in good working condition.
300

Describe the needle lengths, needle gauges, and injection angles for subcutaneous (SubQ) and intramuscular (IM) injections.

For Subcutaneous (SubQ) injections:

  • Needle length: Typically 3/8 to 5/8 inches.
  • Needle gauge: Usually 25 to 30 gauge, as a smaller gauge needle is sufficient for subcutaneous tissue.
  • Injection angle: 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the client’s body mass. A 90-degree angle is often used for clients with more subcutaneous tissue, while a 45-degree angle is recommended for leaner clients.

For Intramuscular (IM) injections:

  • Needle length: Typically 1 to 1.5 inches, but longer needles (up to 2 inches) may be used for larger adults or obese clients.
  • Needle gauge: Usually 18 to 25 gauge, with the larger gauges (18-20) used for more viscous medications.
  • Injection angle: 90 degrees, ensuring the medication reaches deep into the muscle tissue for better absorption.
400

When assessing a client’s surgical wound for infection, what signs should the nurse monitor for?

What are redness, swelling, pain, and exudate?

400

What is Stomatitis?  How should the nurse provide oral care for a client with stomatitis?

Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth (oral mucosa).


  • Using a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent further irritation to the inflamed tissue.
  • Avoiding alcohol-based mouthwashes, which can dry out and irritate the mouth further.
  • Encouraging the client to use soothing rinses, such as saltwater or prescribed medicated rinses, to reduce discomfort and promote healing.
400

What are important factors to consider when planning exercise or mobility routines for clients recovering from injury or surgery?

  • Assessing the client’s current level of strength and mobility to set realistic goals.
  • Incorporating both passive and active range of motion exercises.
  • Monitoring for signs of overexertion, such as shortness of breath or fatigue.
  • Encouraging gradual increases in activity to prevent injury or strain.
400

What is the correct way to secure a restraint on a patient?

Use a quick-release knot and secure it to the bed frame, not the side rail.

400

What is the maximum volume of medication that can be safely injected into different muscles in adults, including the deltoid, vastus lateralis, and ventrogluteal muscles?

  • Deltoid muscle: The maximum volume is 1 mL due to the smaller size of the muscle.
  • Vastus lateralis muscle: The maximum volume is 2 to 3 mL, as this is a larger, more developed muscle.
  • Ventrogluteal muscle: The maximum volume is up to 3 mL, as this site is ideal for larger volumes and is away from major nerves and blood vessels.
500

Which nursing practices help reduce the transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

What are performing hand hygiene, using proper personal protective equipment (PPE), and following isolation precautions when necessary?

500

Which areas can safely be cleansed with Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG)?

  • Closed surgical incisions, where the skin is intact and CHG can reduce microbial load.
  • Stage 1 or 2 pressure injuries, where there is no deep tissue damage or open wounds.
  • Areas covered with gauze dressings, ensuring the gauze does not impede the antiseptic action of CHG.
500

What are the different types of crutch gaits, and what nursing interventions would be appropriate for each?

  • Four-point gait: Provides maximum stability and safety.
    Interventions:

    • Teach the client to move one crutch forward followed by the opposite foot, and then the other crutch, followed by the other foot.
    • This is ideal for clients with bilateral leg weakness.

  • Three-point gait: Used for clients who can bear weight on one leg.
    Interventions:

    • Instruct the client to move both crutches forward while keeping the weight off the affected leg, followed by stepping with the weight-bearing leg.
    • Useful for clients with fractures or leg injuries.

  • Two-point gait: Allows partial weight-bearing on both legs.
    Interventions:

    • Encourage the client to move one crutch and the opposite foot forward at the same time, followed by the other crutch and foot.
    • Suitable for clients with less severe leg weakness.

  • Swing-through gait: For clients with paralysis or significant weakness in the hips or legs.
    Interventions:

    • Teach the client to move both crutches forward and then swing both legs through, landing beyond the crutches.
    • This gait requires strong upper body strength.
500

What are the nurse's priority actions before implementing restraints, and how often must a healthcare provider reassess and renew a restraint?

  • Attempting less restrictive alternatives first, such as verbal de-escalation, distraction, or adjusting the environment.
  • Ensuring that restraints are used only when necessary, and only to protect the client or others from harm.
  • Obtaining a healthcare provider’s order before applying restraints.
  • Assessing the client’s physical and mental status to ensure restraints are appropriate and not harmful.
  • Documenting all alternatives attempted, the rationale for restraints, and ongoing assessments.

For reassessment:

  • Restraints must be reassessed every 2 hours by the nurse, checking for skin integrity, circulation, and the client’s need for continued restraint.
  • A healthcare provider must reassess and renew the order every 24 hours for non-violent clients and more frequently for violent or self-destructive behavior, depending on facility policy.