General Characteristics
All fungi are this type of organism, meaning they have a nucleus.
What are eukaryotes?
The thread-like filaments that make up a fungus.
What are hyphae?
The union of plasma membranes in fungal sexual reproduction.
What is plasmogamy?
The simplest fungi, with flagellated spores and both haploid and diploid multicellular stages.
What are chytrids (Chytridiomycota)?
A mutualistic relationship between a fungus and plant roots.
What is mycorrhizae?
Fungi obtain energy by absorbing nutrients from other organisms, making them ________.
What are heterotrophs?
A mass of interconnected hyphae that forms the main body of the fungus.
What is a mycelium?
The union of nuclei in fungal sexual reproduction.
What is karyogamy?
Common bread molds belong to this group.
What are zygomycetes (Zygomycota)?
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a phototroph (alga or cyanobacterium).
What is a lichen?
This massive organism, sometimes called the “Humungous Fungus,” is the largest known on Earth.
What is Armillaria ostoyae?
This stage occurs when cells have two nuclei per cell.
What is the dikaryotic stage?
The fusion of gametes to form a zygote.
What is syngamy?
This group forms intracellular associations with plant roots called arbuscular mycorrhizae.
What are glomeromycetes (Glomeromycota)?
Fungi that trap and digest nematodes for nutrients are called ________.
What are carnivorous fungi?
The main structural material in fungal cell walls.
What is chitin?
Hyphae that are not divided by cross-walls and are multinucleated are called ________.
What are coenocytic hyphae?
Fungi reproduce mainly by these, which can be sexual or asexual.
What are spores?
“Club fungi,” including mushrooms and puffballs, belong to this phylum.
What are basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota)?
A fungal infection that causes circular skin lesions in humans.
What is ringworm (or athlete’s foot)?
Fungi are more closely related to this kingdom than to plants.
What is the animal kingdom?
The reproductive structure of multicellular fungi where spores are produced.
What is a fruiting body?
In this reproductive process, gametangia fuse and form asci within an ascocarp.
What is the ascomycete life cycle?
“Sac fungi,” including yeasts, truffles, and Penicillium, belong to this phylum.
What are ascomycetes (Ascomycota)?
This parasitic fungus infects cicadas, replacing parts of their abdomen with spores and making them hypersexual.
What is Massospora?