Fungi
One word to describe fungi in terms of their ability to move
What allows the spores of Chytrids to move?
Flagella
Plants can make their own food through photosynthesis, which is why they are classified as.....
Non-vascular plants do not have fully-developed roots and instead have ______
Rhizoid
Function of root hairs
To increase the surface area for water absorption
Mushrooms are only used by fungi as a means of sexual reproduction, which is why it is called the _______ of the fungi.
Fruiting bodies
The phylum of bread molds
Zygomycota
The life cycle of plants involve changing their genetic make-up from diploid to haploid then to diploid. This process is called ________
Alternation of generations
Specific similarity between the hypocotyl and the cotyledon
Both are part of the seed embryo
The two terms used to describe the location of buds on a plant and their definitions
At the top of the plant (terminal) or the side of the plant (axial/axillary)
How do fungi gain energy as decomposers?
Secrete digestive enzymes into the environment to break down organic matter into nutrients, which are absorbed directly into the cells.
How are the hypha of mycorrhizae fungi arranged?
Their hyphae grow in and around plant root cells.
The name of the diploid generation of plants
Sporophyte
The two vascular tissue in plants and what they transport
Xylem transports water and minerals, phloem transport nutrients
Two types of mesophyll and their definitions
Palisade mesophyll: cells organized at the top
Spongy mesophyll: cells scattered around with pockets of air between them.
Difference between plasmogamy and karyogamy
Plasmogamy: compatible haploid hyphae fuse at the cytoplasm to form a heterokaryotic cell.
Karyogamy: some nuclei on the same mycelium fuse to form a diploid nucleus.
Morel and truffles
The name of the haploid generation of plants
Gametophyte
The three parts of the carpel and their functions/descriptions
Ovary: produces the ovule
Style: a tube that grows out of the ovary
Stigma: the tip of the carpel with a sticky substance to capture pollen.
How does auxin regulate the direction of plant growth toward the sunlight?
Auxin molecules move to the shaded side of the plant, pushing the plant to grow toward the light.
How do fungi reproduce asexually?
The mycelium grows sporangia, which are spore-producing structures.
The sporangia directly produce spores without the need to fuse.
Three types of lichens and their descriptions
Crustose: lies flat on its substrate (what it grows on)
Fruticose: produces little fruiting bodies of various shapes and colors.
Foliose: resembles flat leaf-like structures that layer on top of each other.
The three characteristics of plants that Theophrastus used to classify them.
Presence of stem
Number of stems
Distance of branches to the ground.
The life cycle of ferns
Leaves are sporophytes, sporangia are on the underside of the fronds in a cluster called sori.
Spores are produced by meiosis within the sporangia and then released.
The spores grow into the gametophyte, called prothallus.
The male gametes move across the prothallus to fertilize the female gametes.
The process of transpiration
Water moves passively through the roots.
Adhesion: water molecules stick to the sides of the plant vessels. Cohesion: water molecules hold together.
Stomata on the leaves open to let water evaporate out, drawing water through the xylem.