Anatomy & Physiology
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins.
Define stereoisomers and give an example.
Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements. An example is cis-trans isomerism in alkenes.
What is the equation for Newton's second law of motion?
F = ma (force equals mass times acceleration).
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis is a cell division process that results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four non-identical daughter cells with half the chromosome number.
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
Define the term "enzyme" and its function in biological systems.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.
The host of the health link podcast
What is a nucleophile, and how does it participate in organic reactions?
This principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle with infinite precision.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle in quantum mechanics.
Define the terms "prokaryote" and "eukaryote" and provide examples of each.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria), while eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles (e.g., plants, animals).
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?
Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
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Explain resonance in organic chemistry.
Resonance involves the delocalization of electrons in a molecule, represented by multiple resonance structures.
Define the principle of conservation of energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
Explain the process of transcription in molecular biology.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. RNA polymerase reads the DNA and produces a complementary RNA strand.
Name the three types of muscle tissue in the human body.
Jaimeen
Discuss the differences between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors in enzyme kinetics.
Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to a different site, altering the enzyme's shape.
Differentiate between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol.
Primary alcohols have one alkyl group attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl group, secondary alcohols have two, and tertiary alcohols have three.
Explain the concept of torque and its relationship to rotational motion.
Torque is the rotational equivalent of force and is calculated as the product of force and the lever arm.
Discuss the role of enzymes in cellular metabolism.
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur.
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?
Explain the significance of ATP in cellular energy transfer.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of cells, storing and transferring energy within the cell.
Provide the mechanism for the S N 2 reaction and discuss its stereochemistry.
In an S N 2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks the substrate, leading to inversion of stereochemistry.
How does the refractive index affect the speed of light in a medium?
The higher the refractive index, the slower the speed of light in that medium.
What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics?
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes the conditions under which allele frequencies in a population remain constant, providing a baseline for understanding genetic changes over generations.