Levels of Certainty
(50 - 90 - 100%)
(50 - 90 - 100%)
It is probably going to rain tonight.
90%
I __________________ to get a qintuple Vanilla Bean Mocha Frappuccino at Starbucks after class. Do you want to come?
am going to (immediate future, definite plan)
Can you say this in the present continuous?
We are going to have ramen for dinner tonight.
Yes! It is a prior plan!
We are having ramen for dinner tonight.
There will be a lot of snow in January.
Prediction
Complete the following with a future independent clause:
Before I leave class,
Example:
Before I leave class, I WILL ask the teacher some questions.
Before I leave class, I AM GOING TO ask the teacher some questions.
After my last experience, I will never eat spicy peppers again.
100%
It may not be for 50 years; it may not be for 100 years. But eventually, humans _____ realize the truth - they cannot treat the environment so carelessly.
will (prediction; distant future)
Can you say this in the simple future (will)?
Yesterday Clara and I made plans to have lunch together. We are having lunch this afternoon.
No! It is a prior plan.
Hi Robin! Oh, you look exhausted! I'll get you a cup of tea.
Sudden Decision
Complete the time clause (must have a subject and verb!):
I will take a nap after...
Example
I will take a nap after I finish this reading assignment. (the time clause is in the simple present)
Marty is in the army and he may be sent to Germany next year.
50%
_______ you please come help me with this tricky grammar question? Thank you!
Will (request)
Also correct: Would
Can you say this in the present continuous?
According to scientists' predictions, sea levels will rise 20 centimeters in the next three decades.
No! It is a prediction!
We are going on holiday in Malta next year. I've just booked our flights!
Prior Plan
Add a future independent clause:
As soon as I finish the ESL program,
Examples:
As soon as I finish the ESL program, I will jump for joy and celebrate with my friends.
As soon as I finish the ESL program, I will start my major.
Maybe I will stop by the grocery store if I have time.
50%
I _________ miss class tomorrow morning because I have a doctor's appointment at 10:00 am.
am going to (prior plan, near future)
Can I say this in the simple future? (will)
Karen is going rock climbing this afternoon.
No! It is a prior plan.
The next American president won't be a woman. Unfortunately, I don't think enough voters approve of that idea.
Prediction
Add a future independent clause:
...until my English skills improve.
Example:
I will practice a lot until my English skills improve.
Unfortunately, you probably won't have time to visit any museums during the business trip.
90%
The students in this class may be ESL students now, but someday, they _____ be the top chefs, hospitality directors, entrepreneurs, and technology specialists in the world. So, watch out!
will (prediction, distant future)
Can you change this to "be going to"? If so, how will that sound?
My friends and I are going to the movies on Saturday.
Yes!
My friends and I are going to go to the movies on Saturday?
A: Oh, no! Kim is absent and our group presentation is next!
B: I'll present Kim's slides.
Sudden Decision
Say a sentence that has:
1. Time clause (before, after, when)
2. a future independent clause
When you ARRIVE, we WILL watch the movie together.
I AM GOING TO purchase a warm coat before the cold weather STARTS.
Time clause.....SIMPLE PRESENT
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE......future with WILL or BE GOING TO