Global Contact
This labor system helped Spain extract wealth from the Americas by granting colonists control over Indigenous labor.
Encomienda
This concept describes identifying with a worldwide community while recognizing shared responsibilities and human rights beyond national borders.
Global Citizenship
Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal states are collectively known by this term because of their military reliance on firearms and artillery.
Gunpowder Empires
Martin Luther argued that salvation came through this alone, directly challenging Catholic teachings.
Faith Alone
This Georgia location became the site of one of the most famous acts of resistance against slavery in American history.
Dunbar Creek
This agreement reflects how Spain and Portugal competed for global influence before fully exploring many of the territories they claimed.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Historians use this term to describe the study of how other historians have interpreted and written about the past.
Historiography
The long-term rivalry between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires was driven primarily by these two factors.
Religion and Territory
This trade network connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas through the exchange of goods, people, and enslaved laborers
Triangular Trade
The captives' decision to walk into the water rather than submit to enslavement symbolizes this concept.
Resistance
The decline of Indigenous populations and the growth of plantation economies led directly to the expansion of this labor system.
Atlantic Slavery
When evaluating a source, historians analyze the author, audience, intent, and this fourth factor that considers the circumstances surrounding its creation.
Context
This Ottoman military force consisted of elite soldiers who became one of the empire’s greatest sources of strength.
Janissaries
The demand for this crop was one of the primary reasons plantation slavery expanded throughout the Atlantic World.
Sugar
The story preserved by the Gullah transformed the Igbo into these symbolic figures.
Flying Africans
More than military technology, these two factors were most responsible for the Spanish conquest of both the Aztec and Inca Empires.
Disease and Division
Maps are often controversial because they frequently reflect this rather than objective reality.
Perspective
This Safavid ruler is remembered for strengthening both the empire’s military and economy.
Abbas the Great
Historians study this among enslaved Africans because it demonstrates that enslaved people actively challenged oppression.
Resistance
This country received the largest proportion of enslaved Africans transported across the Atlantic.
Brazil
This process explains how Indigenous, African, and European religious traditions blended to create new cultural practices in the Americas.
Syncretism
A source created during the time period being studied, such as a diary, letter, or government document, is known as this type of source.
Primary Source
This traveler’s written accounts provide historians with valuable information about the Islamic world during the medieval era.
Ibn Battuta
Colonies existed primarily to provide these to the mother country and serve as markets for finished goods.
Raw Materials
This brutal device was used to force-feed enslaved Africans who resisted by refusing food.
Speculum Orum
Major West African center of trade and learning
Timbuktu
This concept explains why historians studying the same event can reach different conclusions even when using many of the same sources.
Interpretation
This city served as the Ottoman Empire's center of trade, government, and religion after the conquest of Constantinople.
Istanbul
This document challenged Church authority by criticizing the sale of indulgences and helped launch the Protestant Reformation.
95 Theses
This African author provided one of the most detailed firsthand accounts of the Middle Passage in his 1789 autobiography.
Olaudah Equiano
Geographic factor that helped Indian Ocean trade succeed
Monsoons
Michael Sadler and John Thomas Hope disagreed over this issue before the British Parliament in 1832.
Child Labor
This Safavid capital became famous for its impressive architecture, art, and cultural achievements.
Isfahan
This practice, heavily criticized by Martin Luther, involved paying money to reduce punishment for sins.
Indulgences
Captured Africans who jumped overboard sometimes believed this would carry them back home.
The Ocean
Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people across oceans
Columbian Exchange
The source analysis strategy used in history courses to help evaluate and interpret primary and secondary sources.
AACI Author, Audience, Context, Importance
The maps created by this Ottoman admiral combined geographic knowledge from Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Piri Reis
This labor-intensive economic system in the Americas created a constant demand for enslaved workers.
Plantation Agriculture
This South Carolina city served as the point of entry for approximately 40% of the enslaved Africans brought to North America through the Middle Passage.
Charleston