Innovation Cultures (Pisano)
What must be balanced in an innovative culture to prevent chaos?
Tolerance for failure and accountability
What type of innovation involves small improvements to existing products or processes?
Incremental innovation
What is the first step in Usher’s model of technological evolution?
Perception of the problem
Why is individual accountability crucial in innovation?
It ensures that individuals are responsible for the success or failure of their projects
What company did Pisano use as an example of replacing underperforming directors to maintain innovation?
Pixar
What does Pisano identify as the key benefit of psychological safety in innovation?
It encourages employees to freely share ideas without fear of retribution.
Which type of innovation tends to have higher risks?
Radical innovation
What does Coccia argue is the biggest driver of innovation in firms?
Consequential problems that require innovative solutions
How does leadership ensure the success of innovation in flat organizations?
By setting clear goals and ensuring alignment with the company's strategy
Which pharmaceutical company is noted for radical cancer therapy innovations in Coccia’s paper?
AstraZeneca
What negative outcome can arise from too much tolerance for failure?
It can lead to low performance and incompetence
What is the main challenge companies face when pursuing radical innovation?
High risks and costs, as well as uncertainty about market acceptance
What is the third stage in Usher’s model of innovation?
Act of insight
What is the risk of having too much collaboration without accountability?
It can lead to unclear ownership of decisions and lack of responsibility for outcomes.
What innovation failure did Apple experience, mentioned in Pisano’s paper?
MobileMe
How does Pisano define ‘brutal candor’ in innovative cultures?
Being open to and accepting blunt, constructive criticism to improve ideas
Why is incremental innovation important for sustaining competitive advantage?
It allows companies to continually improve existing products and processes
What is the purpose of 'critical revision' in Usher’s model?
It refines the solution to improve its effectiveness through feedback
How can leaders balance creative freedom with discipline in innovative organizations?
By encouraging experimentation but ensuring that all initiatives have clear performance metrics
What innovation did Amazon succeed with by quickly killing underperforming initiatives?
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
According to Pisano, what is the relationship between experimentation and discipline in innovation?
Experimentation should be accompanied by rigorous discipline to ensure that failures provide valuable learning
How do radical and incremental innovations complement each other?
Radical innovation opens new markets, while incremental innovation improves upon those breakthroughs
How can problem-driven innovation give companies a competitive edge?
By solving critical market or operational problems that competitors cannot
How can leadership help manage the trade-offs between radical and incremental innovation?
By setting strategic priorities that align with both short-term market demands and long-term growth
What is an example of a radical pharmaceutical innovation, according to Coccia?
Targeted cancer therapies like Erlotinib and Gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer