THE WORLD OF EARTH SCIENCE
In Genesis 1:26–28, what responsibility did God give humans toward the earth?
The Creation Mandate—to fill the earth, study it, and use it wisely while caring for creation.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called what?
Matter
A simple picture that shows part of Earth's surface.
map
Why can't a map show every detail found on Earth's surface?
Because a map is a model, so it simplifies reality and includes only the information needed for its purpose.
Earth's axis is tilted approximately how many degrees?
23½°
Two scientists observe the same Grand Canyon. One explains it through millions of years of erosion, while the other interprets it through the biblical account of creation and the global flood. What explains their different interpretations?
Their worldviews.
Water vapor loses energy and forms droplets on a cold window. What process is occurring?
Condensation
A pilot uses a specialized map to navigate an aircraft. What is this type of map called?
A chart.
What are the four cardinal directions?
North, South, East, and West.
What natural shield protects Earth from harmful radiation and solar wind?
Earth's magnetic field
A scientist proposes an initial explanation for an observation and plans an investigation to test it. What kind of model is being developed?
A hypothesis.
A block of dry ice becomes smaller and eventually disappears without forming liquid carbon dioxide. What process is occurring?
Sublimation
A student says the Prime Meridian and Equator are the same type of line because both are important reference lines. What is the key difference?
The Equator is 0° latitude, while the Prime Meridian is 0° longitude.
A hiker wants to determine whether a mountain slope is steep or gentle. Which type of map would be most useful?
Topographic map
Classify each resource as biological or non-biological:
Arrange these steps in the correct order:
A. Analyze data
B. Conduct initial research
C. Publish results
D. Form a scientific question
E. State a hypothesis
F. Draw conclusions
D → B → E → A → F → C
A backpack has a mass of 5 kg. Using g = 9.8 m/s², calculate its weight on Earth.
W=mg W=(5)(9.8)W = (5)(9.8) W=49 N
Which three basic components make up a GIS?
Geographic data, computer programs/hardware/storage, and trained users.
An Earth scientist creates a map showing where earthquakes frequently occur. What type of map is this, and what makes it different from an ordinary political map?
It is a thematic map because its main purpose is to display earthquake data rather than political boundaries.
A forest is cut down faster than new trees can grow. Why is this not sustainable?
The resource is being used faster than nature can replenish it.
A scientist investigates an event that cannot be directly observed because it happened in the distant past. Which TWO principles are especially important in historical science?
Uniformity and cause and effect.
A 2 kg soccer ball moves at 5 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.
25 J
A student says, “A globe is not really a map because it isn't flat.” Based on the lesson, how would you respond?
A globe is a special type of map because it represents Earth's surface.
Health officials notice that most disease cases are concentrated in one neighborhood. Instead of vaccinating an entire city immediately, they focus resources on the affected area. How can mapping support this decision?
Mapping can identify disease clusters, helping officials target areas with many cases more efficiently.
Suppose Earth were moved significantly closer to the Sun. According to the lesson, what major change would make it less suitable for life?
Earth would become too hot, making conditions less suitable for liquid water and life.