Osteology
Which part of the spine has restricted ROM in side bending and why?
Thoracic because of the ribs
What is Spondylosis and why does it happen?
Arthritis in the spine that happens from degeneration of of the disc and joints.
Which of the superficial back muscles move the scapula?
Trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboids.
What action does C7 effect?
Middle finger
What artery goes through the transverse foramen in the cervical vertebra?
vertebral artery
What 2 characteristics does the atlas have that the 5th cervical vertebra would not have?
1. No vertebral body
2. No spinous process
What 4 ligaments lie in the spinal canal?
1.Ligamentum flavum
2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
3. Tectorial membrane
4. Cruciform ligament
Name a muscle that will rotate the head to the right
1. Left trapeizus
2. Sternocleidomastoid
3. Right splenius Capitis
4. Right Longissimus capitis
5. Left semispinalis capitis
6. Right rectus capitis posterior major
7. Right obliques capitis inferior
What do dorsal roots and ventral roots carry?
Dorsal root- only carries sensation
ventral root- only carries motor fibers
What areas of the vertebra could be affected by blocking the spinal artery off the dorsal ramus artery?
Vertebral body- because of decrease flow in anterior radicular artery
Vertebral arch - because of decreased flow n posterior radicular artery
Name 3 differences between the thoracic and lumbar vertebra
1. Thoracic has long/narrow spinous process while lumbar has short and wide spinous process
2. Thoracic has a smaller vertebra body while lumbar has a larger body
3. Thoracic has costal facets for rib attachments while lumbar does not have costal facets.
What joint is created between the superior articular facet and inferior articular facet?
Facet joint/ Zygapophyseal joint
With a forced forward flexion of the head and neck, name 3 muscles that can be stretched and possibly damaged.
1. Upper trapezius
2. Splenius capitis/cervicis
3. Semispinalis capitis/cervicis
4. Iliocostalis cervicis
5. Longissiumus capitis/cervicis
6. Multifidus cervicis
7. Spinal cervicis
8. Interspinalis/spinalis
9. Rectus Capitis major/minor
10. Obliquus capitis inferior
What does dorsal Ramus and ventral Ramus carry?
Dorsal ramus- Carriers sensation and motor to the back
Ventral ramus- Carriers sensation and motor the arm and legs
How would you name a segmental artery at L4?
Lumbar L4,L5 artery
Why does the lumbar spine have bigger vertebra bodies compared to the others?
Because it has to support more weight
What plane is the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facet joints in?
Cervical- oblique
Thoracic- frontal
Lumbar- Sagittal
If a person has spinal nerve or dorsal ramus lesion at L4, what muscles would be involved?
Dorsal ramus- Iliocostalis lumborum, Multifidus, rotatores logi and brevi, and interspinalis
Spinal nerve- Iliocostalis lumborum, Multifidus, rotatores logi and brevi, and interspinalis and quadratus lumborum
What nerve innervates C4 disc?
Rule:Local and above
Spinal nerve at C4 and C3 segments
What artery gives blood to the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Anterior radicular artery
What part of the Lumbar spine is the most fragile and what two conditions can form if it is damaged?
Pars interarticularis
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
During extension in the which ligament will be lengthen and which ligament will be shortened?
Anterior longitudinal ligament will be lengthen
Supraspinous ligament ,interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum and posterior longitudinal ligament will be shortened
If a person has spinal nerve or dorsal ramus lesion at L4, what movements would be weak?
Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
Which facet joints does the spinal nerve L2 innervate?
Rule: Local, above and below
L2, L3 facet ( local)
L1, L2 facet ( Above)
L3, L4 ( Below)
If the anterior radicular artery is blocked what will not receive blood flow?
1. Vertebral body
2. Dura mater
3. Spinal nerve