Literacy and Writing Development
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help.
What is the ZPD or Zone of Proximal Development?
This American psychologist established the psychological school of behaviorism.
Who was John Watson?
This Cognitive Psychologist coined the phrase scaffolding.
Who was Jerome Bruner?
This is a measure used in statistics to indicate the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations falls.
What is Percentile?
In statistics, the signed number of standard deviations by which an observation or datum is above the mean.
What is the standard score?
The prelinguistic use of a single word to express a complex idea.
What is Holophrastic?
This was an Italian physician and educator who believed that learners construct knowledge from their experiences.
Who was Maria Montessori?
Considered to be the father of modern linguistics.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
The value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
What is the Median?
A style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score.
What is a criterion-referenced test?
This is a learning process designed to promote a deeper level of learning. It involves breaking down tasks into smaller manageable tasks.
What is scaffolding?
He believed that change occurs in learners over long periods of time which could include gradual and ongoing changes throughout a person's life.
Who was Developmental Psycholoigist, Erik Erikson?
This behaviorist believed in classical conditioning.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
A test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner.
What is a standardized test?
In probability theory and statistics, this is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean.
What is skewness?
In publishing, art, and communication, this is the information and experience directed towards an end-user or audience.
What is content?
He believed that learning was a social activity based on the learner's observations and ability to process information internally. Learning may or may not bring about a change in behavior.
Who was Social Cognitive psychologist Jean Piaget?
This behaviorist is known for operant conditioning, setting up a system of punishments and rewards for behaviors.
Who is B. F. Skinner?
The value that appears most often in a set of data.
What is the Mode?
In probability theory, this is a very common continuous probability distribution.
What is normal distribution?
This can refer to an educational approach, cultural context, or physical setting in which teaching and learning occur.
What is the learning environment?
Joining Jean Piaget, this theorist believed behavior is directed toward a specific goal and eventually becomes self-regulated. He also believed observing rewards and punishment can impact the observer.
Who was Albert Bandura?
This behaviorist established the Law of Effect>
Who was Edward Thorndike?
In testing, this is the average score.
What is the mean?
In statistics, this is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.
What is the standard deviation?