Early Industrial Revolution
What is the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
Great Britain (northern England)
What is the invention by Henry Cort for the improvement in the quality of iron by using coke to burn away impurities from crude iron?
puddling
What are the four main products of the first Industrial Revolution?
textiles, railroads, coal, and iron
What are the names given to the two new social classes that emerged during the Industrial Revolution?
Industrial middle class and industrial working class
What were the working conditions for factory and mine workers during the Industrial Revolution?
Dangerous, dirty, unhealthy, dusty, long hours, few breaks
What are the five main reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?
Improved agriculture, population growth, ready supply of capital & entrepreneurs, natural resources, supply of markets
What invention was improved by James Watt that was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution - used to drive machinery in factories and locomotives
steam engine
What are the four main products of the Second Industrial Revolution?
steel, electricity, petroleum, and chemicals
What groups of people made up two-thirds of the cotton industry's workforce by 1833?
women and children
What is the name given to the system in which society (government) owns and controls the means of production (such as factories and utilities)?
Socialism
What is the name given to the type of industry in which people produced goods in their own homes before factories were built?
cottage industry
What was the name given to the first steam-powered locomotive to ride on a public railroad in 1830 (between Liverpool and Manchester)?
The Rocket
What was the first city to reach a population of about 1 million in 1800?
London
What law in Great Britain set 9 as the minimum age for employment, children between 9 and 13 could work only 9 hours a day, and those between 13 and 18 could work 12 hours a day?
Factory Act of 1833
What were the causes of population growth?
The decline in death rates, wars, and diseases, increase in the food supply
What industry had the following four inventions: flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water-powered loom, steam engine?
textile industry
What is the name given to the new type of labor system in the factories, in which the factories were kept open day and night and workers did the same work over and over?
shift work
What is the term used for the movement of people from the countryside to the cities during the Industrial Revolution?
urbanization
In what country were thousands of miles of roads and canals built to link the east with the west (later railroads were also built)?
USA
What is the name of the German who criticized the early socialists, and who later wrote "The Communist Manifesto" with Friedrich Engels?
Karl Marx
What was the first major industry of the Industrial Revolution?
cotton cloth (textiles)
What is the name given to the later part of the Industrial Revolution, which spread from Great Britain to the continent of Europe and North America?
The Second Industrial Revolution
What is the name for the economic system based on industrial production?
industrial capitalism
What is the name of the American who built the first steam-powered paddleboat, the Clermont, in 1807?
Robert Fulton
Who was the "utopian" socialist from Great Britain who believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment, and built a utopian community in New Lanark, Scotland?
Robert Owen