Early Industrial Revolution
What is the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
Great Britain (northern England)
What is the process where humans choose specific plants or animals with desirable traits to sexually reproduce, passing those traits on to the next generation over multiple cycles
Selective Breeding
What are the four main products of the first Industrial Revolution?
textiles, railroads, coal, and iron
What are the names given to the two new social classes that emerged during the Industrial Revolution?
Industrial middle class and industrial working class
What were the working conditions for factory and mine workers during the Industrial Revolution?
Dangerous, dirty, unhealthy, dusty, long hours, few breaks
What are the five main reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?
Improved agriculture, population growth, ready supply of capital & entrepreneurs, natural resources, supply of markets
What invention was improved by James Watt that was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution - used to drive machinery in factories and locomotives
steam engine
What is the process of developing machines to make a product faster and easier produce goods
industrialization
What groups of people made up two-thirds of the cotton industry's workforce by 1833?
women and children
What is the name given to the system in which society (government) owns and controls the means of production (such as factories and utilities)?
Socialism
What is the name given to a type of farming where growers produce just enough food to feed themselves and their families, leaving little to no surplus for trade
Subsistence Agriculture
What was the name given to the first steam-powered locomotive to ride on a public railroad in 1830 (between Liverpool and Manchester)?
The Rocket
What was the first city to reach a population of about 1 million in 1800?
London
What are positive effects of Industrial Revolution?
What were the causes of population growth?
The decline in death rates, wars, and diseases, increase in the food supply
What industry had the following four inventions: flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water-powered loom, steam engine?
textile industry
What is the name given to the new type of labor system in the factories, in which the factories were kept open day and night and workers did the same work over and over?
shift work
What is the term used for the movement of people from the countryside to the cities during the Industrial Revolution?
urbanization
In what country were thousands of miles of roads and canals built to link the east with the west (later railroads were also built)?
USA
What is the name of the German who criticized the early socialists, and who later wrote "The Communist Manifesto" with Friedrich Engels?
Karl Marx
What the historical process in England that transformed communal and open-field farming systems into privately owned, fenced-off plots of land
enclosure movement
What is the name given to the later part of the Industrial Revolution, which spread from Great Britain to the continent of Europe and North America?
The Second Industrial Revolution
What are the factors of production?
Land, Labor, Capital
What is the name of the American who built the first steam-powered paddleboat, the Clermont, in 1807?
Robert Fulton
What are negative effects of Industrial Revolution?
No urban planning, bad sanitation, disease spread quickly, machines injured workers