Ugh
Age related changes can happen to:
Muscle and tendon, bone, spine and cartilage
Decrease in disc size, nucleus becomes more fibrous, annulus becomes less organized
Spinal stenosis
Metabolic disorder - lack of vitamin D, associated with aging
Osteoporosis
Age related muscle loss, type II fibers affected most, muscle fibers replaced by fat
Intelligible speech with few missing/altered sounds, draws a person with 2-4 body parks, understands the idea of counting
4 years
Progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength
Sarcopenia
Impairs bone healing
Long term corticosteroid use
Object permanence
9 months
Increased osteoclast and decreased osteoblastic activity, decreased load absorption, impaired neuromuscular function
Osteoporosis
Frailty criteria.. how many to rule in?
1. weight loss of >10 lbs in a year
2. self reported exhaustion
3. grip strength in lowest 20%
4. walking speed <0.8 m/sec
5. low level activity
Need 3/5 to rule in
Tells a simple story using full sentences, counts 10+ things, can draw a person with at least 6 body parts, can print some letters or numbers
5 years
Can explain objects and their use
Age 6-7 years
Can understand commands with 3 separate instructions, can explain objects and their use
Age 6-7 years
Cells that produce cartilage
Chondroblasts
Most common joint replacement
Knee
Enjoys collecting objects
Age 8-9 years
Common fracture sites
proximal femur, pelvis, distal radius and vertebra
increased insulin resistance, decreased growth hormone and insulin like growth hormone, decreased estrogen and testosterone, vitamin D deficiency, increased parathyroid hormone
Contributors to sarcopenia
Can count backwards, enjoys reading, can name months and days of week in order
Age 8-9 years
Conservation of length, weight, and volume
Age 7-11 years