Gait cycle basics
60% of one gait cycle is spent in this phase
What is stance phase
This sub-phase describes the time between initial contact and elevation of the contralateral foot
What is loading response?
Ankle dorsiflexors contract during this phase to ensure foot clearance
What is mid swing?
This muscle group contracts during pre-swing to propel the advancing limb
What are the hip flexors
Toe drag from foot drop would occur during this subphase, the goal of which is foot clearance
What is mid swing
This term describes the distance between initial contacts of alternating feet
What is a step
This position of the tibia separates mid swing from terminal swing
What is tibia vertical?
Initial swing continues the concentric contraction of this muscle group that began during pre-swing
What are the hip flexors?
Toe flexors and tibialis posterior are the most active during this sub phase
What is terminal stance?
Weakness in this muscle would cause foot slapping during loading response
What is tibialis anterior
This is the percent time spent bearing weight on two legs, divided between initial and terminal double support periods
This sub-phase begins when the supporting heel leaves the ground and continues until the opposite heel touches the ground
What is terminal stance?
The hamstrings contract eccentrically in terminal swing to achieve this effect on the thigh
What is deceleration?
The hip flexors contract during which sub phase of stance?
What is initial contact?
In this compensatory gait pattern, the person performs a heel raise during stance phase of the unaffected leg during each stride
What is vaulting
Double limb support occurs during these three subphases of the stance phase
What are initial contact, loading response, and pre-swing
This point in the movement of the swinging knee separates initial swing from mid-swing
What is maximal flexion
This phase has the least amount of muscle activation in the swinging limb and proceeds mostly due to inertia
What is mid-swing?
The gluteus medius, gastrocs and soleus contract eccentrically during this sub phase
What is mid stance
The posterior lurch gait, in which the trunk leans posteriorly with a hyperextended hip, is due to weakness in this muscle
What is the gluteus maximus
Center of gravity oscillates vertically during gait and is highest during this sub-phase
What is midstance?
Initial contact and loading response for one limb occur during this subphase for the contralateral limb
What is pre swing
These two phases have the most wide spread muscle activation, and occur simultaneously due to the overlap of the individual gait cycle of each leg
What are loading response and pre swing?
These two muscles begin contracting eccentrically at initial contact and continue the eccentric contraction through loading response
What are tibialis anterior and quadriceps?
These two gait patterns are caused by gluteus medius weakness with two different compensation patterns
What are Trendelenburg and waddling gait