Cards
This diastolic murmur — caused by vibration of the anterior mitral leaflet between simultaneous regurgitant jets from the aorta and left atrium — mimics organic mitral stenosis but occurs without structural mitral valve disease.
What is Austin Flint murmur?
A cholestatic alkaline phosphatase, positive anti-mitochondrial antibody, and pruritus in a middle-aged woman indicate this autoimmune liver disease.
What is primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)?
This widely used antiarrhythmic drug carries a black box warning for pulmonary toxicity — including interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis — with risk increasing with cumulative dose and duration.
What is amiodarone?
Low C3 with a normal C4 in the setting of recent streptococcal pharyngitis and nephritic syndrome (hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension) is the hallmark complement profile of this glomerulonephritis.
What is poststreptococcal (post-infectious) glomerulonephritis?
This clinical finding — proptosis, lid retraction, and periorbital edema — confirms the diagnosis of Graves' disease without need for antibody testing.
What is Graves' ophthalmopathy? (Alt: thyroid eye disease)
This named EKG pattern — in which ST changes in multiple leads resemble the geometric color blocks of this country's national flag — is associated with high lateral STEMI from a first diagonal branch occlusion.
What is the South Africa sign? (Answer: South Africa)
A young man with ulcerative colitis and a cholestatic liver profile has a beads-on-a-string appearance of the bile ducts on MRCP.
What is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)?
Per the 2026 acute pulmonary embolism guidelines, this is the only risk-category designation appropriate for direct discharge from the emergency department, reserved for asymptomatic patients.
What is Category A?
A young woman with hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and suppressed plasma renin AND suppressed aldosterone — without diuretic use or vomiting — has a gain-of-function mutation in the epithelial sodium channel.
What is Liddle syndrome?
After thyroidectomy, tapping the facial nerve and eliciting ipsilateral facial muscle twitching due to hypocalcemia is called this sign.
What is Chvostek's sign?
A paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure during inspiration — opposite to the normal drop from negative intrathoracic pressure — is this eponymous sign, classically seen in constrictive pericarditis.
What is Kussmaul's sign?
Refractory peptic ulcers, a markedly elevated fasting gastrin that rises paradoxically after secretin stimulation, and association with MEN1 point to this tumor.
What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)?
In a mechanically ventilated asthmatic with rising peak airway pressures and worsening hypotension due to breath-stacking, this immediate bedside maneuver allows trapped air to escape and hemodynamics to recover.
What is disconnecting the ventilator?
In nephrotic syndrome, sudden flank pain, worsening proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria should raise concern for this thrombotic complication — driven by urinary loss of antithrombin III and protein C/S.
What is renal vein thrombosis?
This complication of gastric bypass, occurring 1–3 hours after a meal, results from rapid gastric emptying, a GLP-1 surge, and subsequent rebound hypoglycemia.
What is (late) dumping syndrome?
An elderly African American man with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, spinal stenosis, HFpEF, 16-mm LV wall thickness on echo, low voltage on EKG, and avid uptake on technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy — what is the unifying diagnosis?
What is transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM)?
Episodic flushing, secretory diarrhea, and right-sided valvular heart disease caused by a serotonin-secreting tumor are diagnosed with an elevated 24-hour urinary 5-HIAA in this syndrome.
What is carcinoid syndrome?
On chest X-ray, this eponymous sign describes a peripheral, pleural-based, wedge-shaped opacity with its apex pointing toward the hilum — representing pulmonary infarction most commonly from a PE.
What is Hampton's Hump?
A 24-year-old woman with recurrent muscle weakness, potassium 2.4 mEq/L, non-anion-gap metabolic acidosis, urine pH 7.0, positive urine anion gap, and nephrocalcinosis most likely has this type of RTA.
What is distal (Type 1) renal tubular acidosis?
This pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor secretes glucagon and is classically associated with venous thromboembolism and necrolytic migratory erythema.
What is glucagonoma?
In symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, this regimen reduces the risk of MACE and limb events per the 2024 ACC/AHA PAD guidelines.
What is rivaroxaban + aspirin?
Accept: COMPASS regimen
Giant gastric rugal folds, hypoalbuminemia from protein-losing gastropathy, and hypochlorhydria with hypertrophic gastric mucosa define this rare premalignant condition.
What is Ménétrier disease?
Of the two FDA-approved oral treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, this one uniquely causes photosensitivity rash in addition to gastrointestinal side effects — distinguishing it from nintedanib.
What is pirfenidone?
Accept: Esbriet
A dialysis-dependent patient with bone pain, calcium 11.2, phosphorus 5.8, and PTH of 1,200 pg/mL has developed this complication, in which parathyroid glands become autonomous and no longer respond to calcium feedback.
What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
When a large nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma compresses the pituitary stalk and interrupts dopamine's inhibitory tone on lactotrophs, mild hyperprolactinemia results — known by this term.
What is the stalk effect?