Cellular respiration
This is the first major stage of glucose breakdown.
What is glycolysis?
This energy system is the fastest and uses creatine phosphate
What is the phosphagen system?
transcription uses DNA to make this molecule.
RNA
Translation takes place at this cellular structure.
ribosome
Proteins are made from these building blocks.
What are amino acids
Glycolysis occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm?
This ATP system breaks down glucose or glycogen without requiring oxygen.
What is the glycolytic system?
Transcription takes place before translation in the overall process of gene expression.
transcription
Translation uses mRNA to make this.
What is a protein
There are this many standard amino acids used to build proteins.
What is 20?
Glycolysis produces two molecules of this three-carbon product.
What is pyruvic acid/pyruvate?
This energy system uses oxygen and can use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
What is the oxidative system
If DNA contains thymine, RNA uses this base instead.
uracil
This is the usual start codon.
AUG
Amino acids are joined together by this type of bond.
What is a peptide bond?
This stage occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produces NADH and FADH₂.
What is the Krebs/citric acid cycle?
The phosphagen system does not require this molecule.
oxygen
The overall direction of information during transcription is this.
What is DNA → RNA?
These three codons signal that translation should stop.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
Alpha helices and beta sheets are examples of this level of protein structure.
What is secondary structure?
The electron transport chain creates this gradient, which is then used to make ATP.
What is a proton/H⁺ gradient?
A cell needs energy immediately for a short, intense activity. Based on the three systems, this system would provide ATP the fastest. The three-base sequence on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon is called this.
What is the phosphagen system?
A cell needs to use a gene's information to eventually make a protein. Transcription produces this molecule that can leave the nucleus and be read by a ribosome.
mRNA
Put these in order: transcription, translation, protein.
what is DNA → transcription → mRNA → translation → protein?
The shape and function of a protein is damaged
What is denaturation