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Experimental Research
Nonexperimental Research
Complex Research Designs
Survey Research
Single-Subject Research
100
Reduce/Eliminate the effects of extraneous variables
What is Control
100
Research that focuses on a single variable rather than on a statistical relationship between variables.
What is Single-variable research
100
An independent variable in a factorial design, or one of the underlying constructs that is assumed to account for correlations among multiple variables in a factor analysis
What is factor
100
A questionnaire item that asks a question and provides a set of response options for respondents to choose from.
What is Closed-ended questions
100
In single-subject research, allowing behavior to become fairly consistent from one observation to the next before changing conditions. This makes any effect of the treatment easier to detect.
What is Steady State Strategy
200
The assignment of participants to different conditions according to a random procedure, such as flipping a coin, rolling a die, or using a random number generator.
What is Random Assignment
200
An approach to data collection in which the behavior of interest is observed in the environment in which it typically occurs.
What is Naturalistic Observation: Nonparticipant, participant, concealed observer
200
In a factorial design, when the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable.
What is Interactions
200
A type of sampling bias in which those who do not respond to the survey differ systematically from those who do, producing misleading results.
What is Non-response bias
200
A subfield of psychology founded by B. F. Skinner that uses single-subject research—often with nonhuman animals—to study relationships primarily between environmental conditions and objectively observable behaviors.
What is Experimental Analysis Of Behavior
300
Systematically varying the order of conditions across participants.
What is Counterbalancing
300
Existing data that were collected or created for some other purpose. They can include school and hospital records, newspaper and magazine articles, Internet content, television shows, and many other things.
What is Archival data
300
A research design with multiple independent variables in which each level of one independent variable is combined with each level of the others to produce all possible conditions.
What is Factorial Designs
300
The effect of responding to one survey item on responses to a later survey item.
What is Item-order effect
300
The primary approach to data analysis in single-subject research, which involves graphing the data and making a judgment as to whether and to what extent the independent variable affected the dependent variable.
What is Visual Inspection
400
An experiment in which each participant is tested in one condition.
What is Between Design
400
A research design in which the dependent variable is measured (the pretest), a treatment is given, and the dependent variable is measured again (the posttest) to see if there is a change in the dependent variable from pretest to posttest.
What is Pretest-Posttest Design
400
A table used to represent a factorial design. The rows represent the levels of one independent variable, the columns represent the levels of a second independent variable, and each cell represents a condition.
What is Factorial Design Table (2x2, 2x2x2, 2x3, etc).
400
An unintended effect of the context in which a response is made.
What is Context effects
400
A single-subject research design in which multiple treatments are alternated rapidly on a regular schedule.
What is Alternating Treatments Design
500
An experimental research design in which both the participants and the experimenters are unaware of which condition the participant has been assigned to.
What is Double blind
500
Research that begins with a less focused research question, collect large amounts of relatively “unfiltered” data from a relatively small number of individuals, and describe their data using nonstatistical techniques
What is Qualitative research
500
Research that involves measuring several variables and assessing the relationships among them.
What is Complex Correlational Designs
500
Sampling where the population is first divided into different subgroups or strata and a separate random sample is selected from each stratum.
What is Stratified Random Sampling
500
One factor that is considered in the visual inspection of single-subject data. The overall level of the dependent variable within a condition.
What is Level